Abstract: Lots of researches have focused on development evaluation and obstacles analysis of agricultural circular economy from perspectives of economic and social development, resource input reducing, resources reusing and environment protection based on "3R" rules while neglecting the rural consumption. In this study we introduced rural resident consumption into the index system and used the method of input-utilization-output-consumption-effect (IUOCE) process of agricultural production to clarify the developmental level and obstacles of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province in 2000-2015. Five categories (input, utilization, output, consumption and effect) including 20 evaluation indicators composed the evaluation system, and the weights of indicators were determined with the entropy method. Based on the factor contribution degree, index deviation degree and obstruction degree, the obstacle indicators of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province were diagnosed. The results showed an upward trend in the utilization indicators, output indicators, consumption indicators and effect indicators of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province from 2000 to 2015. The order of rising rate was output indicators > effect indicators > consumption indicators > utilization indicators. However, input indicators had a downward trend. The growth of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province had an overall upward trend from 2000 to 2015, with an average annual growth rate of 3.43% which was a relatively low rate. The main obstacle indicators that affected the development of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province were fertilizer effective utilization factor, fertilizer use intensity, arable land area per capita, forest cover rate and net income per farmer in 2000-2008, while they were fertilizer use intensity, multiple cropping index, effective irrigation coefficient and sown area of crops in 2009-2015. The input and utilization indicators were the main obstacle factors that affected the development of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province from 2000 to 2015. While the obstacle degrees of input indicators and utilization indicators gradually increased in trend, those of output indicators, consumer indicators and effect indicators generally decreased in 2000-2015. In summary, the developmental level of agricultural circular economy in Jiangxi Province was overall in an upward trend, and the obstacle indicators became less but the obstacle degree became high.