Abstract: At present, the whole country is fully implementing rural revitalization strategy and actively promoting rural ecosystems development in China. From the perspective of ecology and agroecology, this paper discussed the main functions of rural ecosystems in China, the outstanding problems faced at present, and the countermeasures and measures to be taken to provide references for promoting the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and the sustainable development of rural ecosystems. Rural ecosystem has multi-functions in China, including carrying capacity for population, improving environment, providing products, increasing farmers' income, expanding employment and tourism, inheriting culture, popularizing science and technology, education of talents and providing places for urban aged residents. There are still many problems and challenges to rural ecosystems in China, including ecological destruc-tion, resource waste, environmental pollution, natural disasters, poverty, backward science and education, laggard culture and health, lack of public services, bad social morality, loss of villagers and demise of villages. In order to promote implementation strategy of rural revitalization and sustainable development of rural ecosystems in China, the principles of "tri-effects", gradual progress, comprehensive governance, adaptation to local conditions and long-term success should be followed. Eventually, the following measures were suggested:1) enhancing awareness; 2) planning well; 3) improving environment; 4) optimizing ecological structure; 5) improving ecological functions; 6) improving ecological conditions; 7) strengthening public services; 8) improving laws and regulations; 9) improving great investment; 10) accelerating personnel training.