Abstract: Global environment change has great impact on terrestrial ecosystems. To some extent, however, terrestrial plants can adjust to such influences. Physiologically, signal substances regulate physiological processes and small molecular substances actively accumulated or synthesized by plants alleviate injuries induced by adversities. Individually, photoassimilate reallocation to different plant organs is a very important mechanism through which plants adapt to changes in environmental conditions. Specific plant species survive in different resource conditions resulting from water and nitrogen trade-offs. Because of profligate use of non-structural carbon, plant growth may not be limited by carbon supply. Acclimation mechanisms of plant ecophysiological processes affect carbon budget in terrestrial ecosystem. Future studies should therefore focus on analyzing synthetic acclimation mechanisms at different scales and building an integrated model of these mechanisms to make more accurate predictions of the impact of future environmental changes on terrestrial ecosystem.