CLDAS土壤相对湿度数据不同时空尺度适用性评估

张蕾; 郭安红; 何亮; 吴门新; 赵晓凤; 谭方颖

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230021

CLDAS土壤相对湿度数据不同时空尺度适用性评估

国家气象中心　北京　100081

基金项目: 国家科技创新2030重大项目(2021ZD0113605)、中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J057)和中国气象局风云卫星应用先行计划项目(FY-APP-2021.0305)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张蕾, 主要研究方向为农业与生物气象灾害监测预警与风险评估。E-mail: leizhang@cma.gov.cn

通讯作者:
郭安红, 主要研究方向为农业与生物气象灾害监测预警。E-mail: guoah@cma.gov.cn

中图分类号: S162
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-18
- 修回日期: 2023-05-08
- 录用日期: 2023-05-08
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-15

Evaluation of relative soil moisture from CMA Land Data Assimilation System at different spatiotemporal scales in China

National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Project (2021ZD0113605), China Meteorological Administration Innovation Development Project (CXFZ2023J057) and China Meteorological Administration Fengyun Satellite Application Advance Plan Project (FY-APP-2021.0305).

More Information

Corresponding author:
GUO Anhong: E-mail: guoah@cma.gov.cn

摘要

摘要: 基于2020—2021年中国气象局陆面数据同化系统(CLDAS)模拟的逐日土壤相对湿度和土壤水分自动站观测的逐小时土壤相对湿度资料, 采用多个统计对比指标, 在日和月时间尺度、点和区域空间尺度系统性地评估了CLDAS模拟的土壤相对湿度适用性。结果表明: CLDAS模拟的土壤相对湿度与观测值具有一致的逐日变化规律; 0~10 cm、0~20 cm层次CLDAS模拟值与观测值较为接近, 0~50 cm层次模拟值普遍低于观测值; 各层次上, CLDAS模拟值与观测值的相关系数普遍大于0.6, 均方根误差普遍小于30%。区域尺度上, 0~10 cm层次CLDAS模拟值和观测值相关系数为0.78~0.95, 以华南最高; 均方根误差为5.70%~17.26%, 以华东最小; 偏差为−6.63%~15.80%, 以华中偏差绝对值最小。0~20 cm层次CLDAS模拟值和观测值相关系数为0.78~0.95, 以东北和内蒙古最高; 均方根误差为4.45%~14.03%, 以华东最小; 偏差为−5.36%~12.56%, 以华东偏差绝对值最小。0~50 cm层次CLDAS模拟值和观测值相关系数为0.68~0.97, 以东北最高; 均方根误差为4.00%~15.83%, 以华东最小; 偏差为−9.83%~9.62%, 以东北偏差绝对值最小。区域月尺度CLDAS模拟值和观测值整体的相关性较好, 相关系数在6—10月较高; 均方根误差普遍小于15%, 华东各个层次逐月均方根误差均较小。总体来看, CLDAS模拟的土壤相对湿度空间上在华东、华中和东北精度最高, 时间上在6—10月精度最高。
- 土壤相对湿度 /
- CLDAS /
- 土壤水分自动站 /
- 气象地理区划 /
- 精度评估 /
- 时空尺度
Abstract: Based on daily relative soil moisture from the CMA Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) and hourly relative soil moisture from automatic soil moisture stations during 2020−2021, CLDAS relative soil moisture was evaluated in terms of accuracy and suitability by using multiple statistic indices at temporal scales of day and month as well as spatial scales of station and region. The results showed consistent daily variation in CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture. CLDAS relative soil moisture at depths of 0−10 cm and 0−20 cm was close to the observed relative soil moisture, whereas CLDAS relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−50 cm was smaller than the observed relative soil moisture. The correlation coefficients between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at the three depths were generally greater than 0.6, between which the root mean square errors (RMSE) were smaller than 30%. At the regional scale, the correlation coefficient between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−10 cm was 0.78−0.95, with the largest value in South China. The RMSE between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−10 cm was 5.70%−17.26%, with the smallest value in East China. The bias between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−10 cm was −6.63%−15.80%, with the smallest absolute value in Central China. At a depth of 0−20 cm, the correlation coefficient between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture was 0.78−0.95, with the largest value in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. The RMSE between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−20 cm was 4.45%−14.03%, with the smallest value in East China. The bias between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−20 cm was −5.36%−12.56%, with the smallest absolute value in East China. At a depth of 0−50 cm, the correlation coefficient between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture was 0.68−0.97, with the largest value in Northeast China. The RMSE between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−50 cm was 4.00%−15.83%, with the smallest value in East China. The bias between CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture at a depth of 0−50 cm was −9.83%−9.62%, with the smallest absolute value in Northeast China. The correlation coefficients between monthly CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture were generally high, with larger values between June and October. The RMSE between monthly CLDAS relative soil moisture and observed relative soil moisture was smaller than 15%, with the smallest value in East China. Overall, CLDAS relative soil moisture performed well in East China, Central China, and Northeast China at the spatial scale and during June−October at the temporal scale.
- Relative soil moisture /
- CMA Land Data Assimilation System /
- Automatic soil moisture stations /
- Meteorological geographic zoning /
- Precision assessment /
- Spatiotemporal scales

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图 1 研究区域及土壤水分自动站分布[审图号为GS (2019) 3082号的标准地图制作, 底图无修改, 下同]

Figure 1. The location of study region and automatic soil moisture stations

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图 2 区域土壤相对湿度观测值与CLDAS模拟值逐日变化 (日序1为2020年1月1日)

Figure 2. Daily changes of regional observed and CLDAS simulated relative soil moistures (The first of the day series is January 1, 2020)

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图 3 0~10 cm、0~20 cm、0~50 cm 3个层次土壤相对湿度CLDAS模拟值和观测值对比

Figure 3. Comparison of CLDAS simulated and observed relative soil moisture at three depths of 0−10 cm, 0−20 cm and 0−50 cm

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表 1 区域土壤相对湿度CLDAS模拟值和观测值统计检验(*表示通过P<0.05的显著性水平检验)

Table 1 Statistic test of regional CLDAS simulated and observed relative soil moisture (the symbol of * represents the coefficient is significant at P<0.05 level)

区域 Region	0~10 cm			0~20 cm			0~50 cm
区域 Region	R	RMSE (%)	Bias (%)	R	RMSE (%)	Bias (%)	R	RMSE (%)	Bias (%)
东北 Northeast China	0.89^*	12.01	8.91	0.95^*	9.24	7.47	0.97^*	4.21	1.62
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	0.93^*	13.69	12.30	0.95^*	13.09	12.07	0.95^*	10.60	9.62
华北 North China	0.88^*	11.23	8.78	0.93^*	11.37	10.11	0.92^*	8.97	7.78
西北 Northwest China	0.84^*	10.56	8.23	0.86^*	8.43	6.18	0.85^*	5.62	2.94
新疆 Xinjiang	0.85^*	6.15	−3.79	0.87^*	7.03	−5.09	0.86^*	10.32	−8.92
华东 East China	0.78^*	5.70	2.77	0.78^*	4.45	2.29	0.75^*	4.00	−2.45
华中 Central China	0.81^*	6.66	−2.66	0.79^*	6.48	−3.41	0.70^*	9.15	−7.56
华南 South China	0.95^*	7.78	−6.63	0.93^*	5.89	−5.36	0.87^*	10.09	−9.83
西南 Southwest China	0.92^*	10.27	9.76	0.93^*	10.26	9.73	0.92^*	5.47	4.82
西藏 Tibet	0.89^*	17.26	15.80	0.90^*	14.03	12.56	0.68^*	15.83	−5.65

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表 2 区域逐月0~10 cm、0~20 cm和0~50 cm土壤相对湿度CLDAS模拟值和观测值的相关系数(*表示通过P<0.05的显著性水平检验)

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between regional monthly CLDAS simulated and observed relative soil moisture at the depths of 0−10 cm, 0−20 cm and 0−50 cm (the symbol of * represents the coefficient is significant at P<0.05 level)

区域 Region	1月 January	2月 February	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November	12月 December
区域 Region	0~10 cm
东北 Northeast China	0.92^*	0.51^*	0.74^*	0.09	0.70^*	0.81^*	0.95^*	0.87^*	0.80^*	0.88^*	0.29^*	0.76^*
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	0.74^*	0.58^*	0.71^*	−0.49^*	0.44^*	0.79^*	0.88^*	0.90^*	0.74^*	0.93^*	0.82^*	0.66^*
华北 North China	0.76^*	0.58^*	0.32^*	−0.15	0.69^*	0.90^*	0.93^*	0.90^*	0.96^*	0.99^*	0.96^*	0.82^*
西北 Northwest China	0.11	0.58^*	−0.45^*	0.35^*	0.68^*	0.92^*	0.94^*	0.96^*	0.89^*	0.95^*	0.26^*	0.54^*
新疆 Xinjiang	−0.37^*	0.36^*	0.73^*	−0.14	0.55^*	0.48^*	0.68^*	0.65^*	0.81^*	0.89^*	0.78^*	0.87^*
华东 East China	0.75^*	0.84^*	0.48^*	0.08	0.46^*	0.92^*	0.82^*	0.84^*	0.94^*	0.95^*	0.96^*	0.59^*
华中 Central China	0.88^*	0.92^*	0.21	0.21	0.73^*	0.97^*	0.93^*	0.94^*	0.96^*	0.86^*	0.95^*	0.74^*
华南 South China	0.96^*	0.95^*	0.96^*	0.96^*	0.94^*	0.89^*	0.92^*	0.95^*	0.97^*	0.95^*	0.97^*	0.98^*
西南 Southwest China	0.91^*	0.96^*	0.92^*	0.77^*	0.88^*	0.83^*	0.86^*	0.96^*	0.92^*	0.95^*	0.94^*	0.41^*
西藏 Tibet	−0.09	0.67^*	0.71^*	0.92^*	0.47^*	0.79^*	0.79^*	0.93^*	0.89^*	0.89^*	0.80^*	0.85^*

	0~20 cm
东北 Northeast China	0.92^*	0.69^*	0.88^*	−0.17^*	0.62^*	0.84^*	0.97^*	0.90^*	0.80^*	0.90^*	0.42^*	0.88^*
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	0.70^*	0.54^*	0.80^*	−0.76^*	0.34^*	0.83^*	0.92^*	0.91^*	0.74^*	0.95^*	0.92^*	0.74^*
华北 North China	0.79^*	0.79^*	0.20	−0.33^*	0.66^*	0.88^*	0.96^*	0.94^*	0.97^*	1.00^*	0.97^*	0.91^*
西北 Northwest China	0.32^*	0.79^*	−0.55^*	−0.02	0.51^*	0.91^*	0.94^*	0.98^*	0.90^*	0.96^*	0.41^*	0.63^*
新疆 Xinjiang	0.24	0.32^*	0.74^*	−0.59^*	0.40^*	0.34^*	0.76^*	0.57^*	0.84^*	0.79^*	0.77^*	0.87^*
华东 East China	0.88^*	0.88^*	0.41^*	−0.06	0.39^*	0.93^*	0.81^*	0.82^*	0.95^*	0.97^*	0.95^*	0.65^*
华中 Central China	0.88^*	0.90^*	−0.05	−0.09	0.64^*	0.97^*	0.96^*	0.94^*	0.97^*	0.91^*	0.95^*	0.83^*
华南 South China	0.92^*	0.89^*	0.96^*	0.95^*	0.90^*	0.89^*	0.93^*	0.94^*	0.98^*	0.90^*	0.96^*	0.98^*
西南 Southwest China	0.95^*	0.98^*	0.94^*	0.80^*	0.82^*	0.82^*	0.83^*	0.96^*	0.93^*	0.93^*	0.93^*	0.62^*
西藏 Tibet	−0.08	0.66^*	0.60^*	0.81^*	0.43^*	0.82^*	0.86^*	0.96^*	0.93^*	0.91^*	0.76^*	0.95^*

	0~50 cm
东北 Northeast China	0.93^*	0.78^*	0.94	−0.04	0.48^*	0.83^*	0.97^*	0.93^*	0.75^*	0.92^*	0.61^*	0.91^*
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	0.83^*	0.78^*	0.80^*	−0.75^*	0.22	0.87^*	0.95^*	0.93^*	0.75^*	0.93^*	0.93^*	0.82^*
华北 North China	0.53^*	0.73^*	−0.20	−0.60^*	0.50^*	0.69^*	0.96^*	0.93^*	0.96^*	1.00^*	0.99^*	0.96^*
西北 Northwest China	0.61^*	0.74^*	−0.20	−0.21	0.28^*	0.91^*	0.94^*	0.99^*	0.91^*	0.96^*	0.59^*	0.58^*
新疆 Xinjiang	0.98^*	0.80^*	0.77^*	−0.77^*	0.24	0.09	0.87^*	0.48^*	0.70^*	0.11	0.61^*	0.90^*
华东 East China	0.84^*	0.88^*	0.18	−0.29^*	0.34^*	0.93^*	0.85^*	0.74^*	0.95^*	0.96^*	0.92^*	0.60^*
华中 Central China	0.78^*	0.90^*	−0.35^*	−0.50^*	0.48^*	0.96^*	0.97^*	0.94^*	0.97^*	0.94^*	0.91^*	0.45^*
华南 South China	0.83^*	0.84^*	0.96^*	0.93^*	0.82^*	0.84^*	0.95^*	0.94^*	0.98^*	0.83^*	0.90^*	0.85^*
西南 Southwest China	0.96^*	0.99^*	0.97^*	0.88^*	0.62^*	0.86^*	0.85^*	0.94^*	0.94^*	0.91^*	0.91^*	0.81^*
西藏 Tibet	0.09	0.72^*	−0.17	−0.88^*	0.21	0.96^*	0.91^*	0.60^*	0.56^*	0.56^*	0.37^*	−0.41^*

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表 3 区域逐月土壤相对湿度CLDAS模拟值和观测值均方根误差

Table 3 Root mean square error between regional monthly CLDAS simulated and observed relative soil moisture

区域 Region	1月 January	2月 February	3月 March	4月 April	5月 May	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October	11月 November	12月 December
	0~10 cm
东北 Northeast China	8.38	14.78	18.54	10.10	10.39	12.94	14.16	12.47	10.31	6.82	10.70	9.99
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	7.51	13.18	17.55	19.34	15.19	15.39	13.96	12.71	14.40	14.67	8.41	4.36
华北 North China	15.23	21.53	13.85	12.40	10.65	7.47	7.58	6.62	6.55	7.10	7.05	9.12
西北 Northwest China	8.11	17.05	13.84	14.80	11.82	11.02	8.21	7.79	7.88	6.24	8.36	5.20
新疆 Xinjiang	3.83	4.70	7.98	7.54	8.48	7.60	6.56	6.62	4.98	1.40	6.06	4.03
华东 East China	6.23	7.82	6.64	9.01	7.73	3.30	3.54	4.93	3.40	3.07	3.23	5.44
华中 Central China	4.75	5.39	6.98	9.68	7.75	7.83	6.61	5.91	7.47	6.72	3.85	4.74
华南 South China	10.07	8.67	8.08	8.03	7.05	5.90	6.98	4.42	5.38	5.89	9.32	10.95
西南 Southwest China	9.79	10.30	11.43	10.06	9.74	9.13	8.70	13.27	9.98	8.09	10.90	10.77
西藏 Tibet	13.13	15.38	20.46	25.37	20.07	14.03	12.95	13.00	16.63	21.15	16.04	13.40

	0~20 cm
东北 Northeast China	7.23	10.19	11.61	9.94	8.97	10.21	11.69	9.68	8.31	6.07	7.09	8.03
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	8.36	10.75	13.40	18.41	15.97	15.17	13.34	11.74	13.03	14.78	11.19	6.28
华北 North China	13.29	17.94	13.58	13.66	12.89	9.76	6.78	6.07	7.77	9.10	9.76	10.95
西北 Northwest China	3.80	10.39	11.32	13.40	11.55	10.38	6.43	6.35	5.65	4.00	6.25	4.64
新疆 Xinjiang	3.30	4.75	10.03	9.68	8.75	7.52	7.30	8.68	5.54	2.55	6.42	4.99
华东 East China	3.88	5.33	4.95	7.75	6.71	2.50	2.33	3.75	3.57	2.82	3.28	3.08
华中 Central China	3.75	4.22	7.01	9.01	6.95	7.48	7.80	6.44	6.51	6.94	4.88	4.48
华南 South China	4.12	6.29	6.52	6.54	6.21	6.95	6.34	6.04	5.53	5.41	5.47	4.74
西南 Southwest China	9.72	10.16	12.33	11.35	10.82	8.23	7.40	12.79	9.41	8.33	10.19	10.98
西藏 Tibet	10.76	11.71	13.71	21.14	17.89	10.43	8.39	8.93	12.66	17.67	16.12	13.00

	0~50 cm
东北 Northeast China	2.52	3.34	4.07	5.71	3.52	3.36	4.83	4.32	4.12	2.10	4.62	6.13
内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	7.69	8.00	9.54	16.07	13.27	11.56	10.10	9.31	10.04	12.05	9.89	5.85
华北 North China	8.80	13.00	12.03	11.58	10.98	7.23	3.64	3.20	5.36	7.91	9.47	8.46
西北 Northwest China	3.27	3.90	6.72	9.89	9.25	7.28	3.45	3.84	2.85	1.68	3.43	4.72
新疆 Xinjiang	1.90	3.56	11.37	14.08	13.40	12.30	12.27	12.79	9.39	5.60	9.15	9.13
华东 East China	5.41	3.86	3.82	4.79	4.91	3.58	3.95	2.31	2.07	2.39	3.63	5.49
华中 Central China	5.92	6.58	8.19	8.20	7.69	11.20	12.61	10.90	9.25	9.85	8.67	8.24
华南 South China	6.76	9.81	10.35	10.01	10.43	11.21	11.71	11.48	10.73	9.91	9.34	8.24
西南 Southwest China	5.16	4.91	6.67	7.28	5.65	3.69	3.20	7.13	4.76	4.67	4.88	6.02
西藏 Tibet	12.82	6.23	7.57	17.70	19.10	14.10	26.74	25.46	14.38	11.22	7.21	9.45

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