Abstract:The soil-borne disease caused by changes in soil microbial flora is an important factor restricting the healthy development of the watermelon industry. We examined the responses of soil fungal communities to biological fumigation combined with microbial agents by setting up different treatments, namely a control (CK), biological fumigation (R), and biological fumigation combined with microbial agents (RB) in a two-year continuous cropping watermelon field. On the basis of soil chemical property analysis and Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology, the changes in the composition and diversity of soil fungal communities and their relationships with soil environmental factors were examined. The results showed that compared with CK, both R and RB increased the content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and organic matter in soil, while reducing soil pH. Moreover, the total nitrogen content was significantly ( P<0.05) higher in R treatment compared to the other treatments. The alpha indexes of fungal community showed that R and RB treatments significantly decreased the abundance and diversity of soil fungal community and were in the order of R