离心微滤对猪场废水固液分离效果研究

胡旭朝; 董红敏; 尹福斌; 陈永杏

doi:10.12357/cjea.20210576

离心微滤对猪场废水固液分离效果研究

中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部设施农业节能与废弃物处理重点实验室　北京　100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1100505)、财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助

详细信息

作者简介:
胡旭朝, 研究方向为农业废弃物处理与资源化利用。E-mail: huxuzhao@caas.cn

通讯作者:
尹福斌, 主要从事畜牧环境工程方面研究。E-mail: yinfubin@caas.cn

中图分类号: X713
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-25
- 录用日期: 2021-12-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-20
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-08

Effect of centrifugal microfiltration on solid-liquid separation of pig farm wastewater

Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Facility Agricultural Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Fairs, Beijing 100081, China

Funds: The study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD1100505) and China Agriculture Research System of Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

More Information

Corresponding author:
YIN Fubin: E-mail: yinfubin@caas.cn

摘要

摘要: 固液分离是畜禽废水处理的关键技术, 不仅可以将固体物质分离出来进一步肥料化利用, 还可减少废水中污染物浓度从而降低后续处理负荷。本文主要针对传统的固液分离设备效果差和效率低的问题, 以离心微滤机为研究对象, 通过系统监测, 科学评价猪场废水总固体浓度(1%、2%、3%、4%和5%)和离心微滤机筛网孔径(15 µm、25 µm和50 µm)对去除率的影响。结果表明, 随着总固体浓度的增高和筛网孔径的减小, 水质指标的去除率有增加趋势。随筛网孔径的增大离心微滤机单位时间内的处理量也随之增加, 50 µm时处理量为14~19 m³∙h⁻¹, 15 µm与25 µm时处理量为2~7 m³∙h⁻¹。综合考虑, 总固体浓度为5%和筛网孔径为50 µm为最佳处理组, 水质指标中总固体浓度、化学需氧量和总磷的去除率分别为57%、29%和43%。该离心微滤机与其他固液分离设备相比, 具有分离效果好和能耗低的优点, 因此在处理猪场废水时具有较好的应用前景。
- 畜禽废水 /
- 总固体浓度 /
- 筛网孔径 /
- 水质指标 /
- 去除率
Abstract: Large amounts of livestock waste are discharged owing to the rapid development of the livestock industry, and they cause serious environmental pollution if not effectively treated. Livestock waste has high pollutant concentrations and complex compositions; hence, it requires effective pretreatment to avoid high post-treatment difficulties and low treatment effects. Solid-liquid separation has been reported to be a key technology for livestock waste treatment. This technology could produce a solid fraction that can be used as a high-nutrient fertilizer and reduce pollutants in the waste, lowering the loads for subsequent treatments. However, the effect and efficiency of the traditional solid-liquid separation process for treating livestock waste are relatively low and need to be improved. In this study, a new centrifugal microfiltration separator, used for the reduction of pollutants in livestock waste, was systematically evaluated under different conditions. This study monitored the correlation between total solid (TS) concentrations in pig farm wastewater and other related water quality parameters. The effects of different TS concentrations and mesh sizes on the rate and treatment costs of the separator were also studied. The TS was set to 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, and the mesh sizes were set to 15, 25, and 50 µm. The results showed that TS concentrations were negatively correlated with pH and electrical conductivity (EC), and positively correlated with chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄ ⁺-N) and total phosphorus (TP) in the wastewater. The correlation between TS and pH, COD, and TP was higher, with correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.57, 0.53, and 0.66, respectively. TS had no obvious correlation with turbidity, EC, TN, or NH₄ ⁺-N with R² of 0.33, 0.02, 0.10 and 0.03, respectively. The separator effectively removed TS from pig farm wastewater with a removal rate of 17%−68%. The removal rate of turbidity, COD, TN, TP and NH₄ ⁺-N were 3%–39%, 17%–59%, 4%–43%, 18%–54%, and 2%–17%, respectively. The removal rate of pollutants from pig farm wastewater increased with an increase in TS and a decrease in mesh size. The removal rate increased with increasing mesh size. The mesh size of 15 µm had the highest removal rates of 68% for TS, 40% for turbidity, 59% for COD, 42% for TN, and 54% for TP. There was a significant difference in treatment capacity between all mesh sizes (P<0.01). The treatment capacity of 50 µm mesh size was 14‒19 m³∙h⁻¹ and that of 15 and 25 µm mesh size was 2‒7 m³∙h⁻¹. The operational costs of centrifugal microfiltration machine using the screen sizes of 15, 25, and 50 µm in a pig farm having stock of 10 000 pigs as an example were estimated to be 2.44, 2.06, and 1.08 ¥∙m⁻³, respectively. The optimal mesh size and TS for treating pig farm wastewater were 50 µm and 5%, respectively, when considering removal rate and treatment capacity. Compared with traditional solid-liquid separators, the new separator has good application prospects because of its high separation effect and low energy consumption.
- Livestock wastewater /
- Total solid concentration /
- Mesh size /
- Water quality indexes /
- Removal rate

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图 1 离心微滤工艺流程图

Figure 1. Flow chart of the centrifugal microfiltration process

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图 2 离心微滤机的示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of centrifugalmicrofiltration

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图 3 猪场废水总固体浓度与酸碱度和电导率(a)、浊度和化学需氧量(b)、总氮和氨氮(c)及总磷(d)的关系

Figure 3. Correlations between total solid concentration with pH and electrical conductivity (a), turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (b), total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents (c) and total phosphorus content (d)

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图 4 总固体浓度和筛网孔径下离心微滤机的猪场废水总固体(a)、浊度(b)、化学需氧量(c)、总氮(d)、总磷(e)和氨氮(f)的去除效果

Figure 4. Separation efficiencies of total solid (a), turbidity (b), chemical oxygen demand (c), total nitrogen (d), total phosphorus (e), and ammonia nitrogen (f) of centrifugal microfiltration with different sizes under different total solid concentration of pig farm wastewater

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图 5 猪场废水总固体浓度和筛网孔径对处理量的影响

Figure 5. Effects of total solid concentration of pig farm wastewater and mesh size on treatment capacity

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表 1 原始猪场废水的特性

Table 1 Properties of the raw pig farm wastewater

指标 Index	数值 Value
总固体浓度 Total solid concentration (%)	0.5~8.0
pH	5.73~7.31
电导率 Electrical conductivity (µS·cm⁻¹)	4360~9307
浊度 Turbidity (NTU)	5595~39 720
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg·L⁻¹)	6720~72 650
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg·L⁻¹)	464~2460
总磷 Total phosphorus (mg·L⁻¹)	442~4500
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg·L⁻¹)	300~1248

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表 2 猪粪固液分离主要试验仪器的设备参数

Table 2 Parameters of equipment used for the solid-liquid separation of pig farm wastewater

设备仪器 Equipment instrument	参数 Parameter	数值 Value
搅拌泵 Mixing pump	功率 Power	3 kW
储水桶 Water storage bucket	体积 Volume	8 m³
滤网 Screen	孔径 Mesh size	1 cm
螺杆泵 Screw pump	功率 Power	4 kW
微滤机 Microfiltration machine	功率 Power	7.5 kW

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表 3 离心微滤机进水和产水水质指标

Table 3 Water quality indexes of inlet and produced water of centrifugal microfiltration machine

指标 Index	进水 Raw pig farm wastewater	出水 Separated wastewater
指标 Index	进水 Raw pig farm wastewater	15 µm筛网 15 µm mesh	25 µm筛网 25 µm mesh	50 µm筛网 50 µm mesh
总固体浓度 Total solid (%)	0.5~8.0	0.3~1.7	0.6~2.2	0.6~2.8
pH	5.73~7.31	5.88~6.95	6.1~7.22	6.32~7.27
电导率 Electrical conductivity (µS∙cm⁻¹)	4360~9307	6001~7746	5077~11 500	4339~10 870
浊度 Turbidity (NTU)	5595~39 720	8490~18 450	4695~26 750	4920~32 340
化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand (mg·L⁻¹)	6720~72 650	9740~35 080	6720~45 480	12 350~46 360
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg·L⁻¹)	464~2460	312~1950	640~2000	620~2440
总磷 Total phosphorus (mg·L⁻¹)	442~4500	456~1602	208~3780	396~3220
氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen (mg·L⁻¹)	300~1248	432~970	340~1167	276~1504

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表 4 猪场废水总固体浓度和离心微滤机筛网孔径对于水质指标去除率影响的显著性分析(P值)

Table 4 Significance analysis of total solid concentration and mesh size on wastewater characters (removal rates of wastewater indexes) of pig farm wastewater after solid-liquid separation (P value)

变异来源 Variation source	总固体浓度 Total solid	浊度 Turbidity	化学需氧量 Chemical oxygen demand	总氮 Total nitrogen	总磷 Total phosphorus	氨氮 Ammonia nitrogen
孔径 Mesh size (MA)	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05	<0.05	0.26	0.11
总固体浓度 Total solid (TS)	<0.05	<0.05	0.09	<0.05	<0.05	0.11
MA×TS	0.94	0.16	0.95	0.54	0.87	0.26
P<0.05水平上因素之间相关性显著; P>0.05水平上因素之间相关性不显著。 There was significant correlation between the factors at the level of P<0.05; there was no significant correlation between the factors at the level of P>0.05.

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表 5 不同筛网孔径的离心微滤机处理猪场废水的经济性分析

Table 5 Economic analysis of solid-liquid separation of pig farm wastewater with centrifugal microfiltration with different size

项目 Project	筛网孔径 Mesh size (µm)
项目 Project	15	25	50
处理量 Processing amount (m³∙h⁻¹)	5	5	15
离心微滤机的购置费 Cost of centrifugal microfiltration equipment (×10⁴¥)	45	45	15
离心微滤机折旧费用 Depreciation cost of centrifugal microfiltration (¥∙m⁻³)	0.56	0.56	0.18
离心微滤机能耗 Electricity consumption of centrifugal microfiltration (¥∙m⁻³)	1.21	0.83	0.23
人工费 Cost of labor (¥∙m⁻³)	0.67	0.67	0.67
处理成本 Treatment cost (¥∙t⁻¹)	2.44	2.06	1.08

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表 6 不同固液分离技术的效果与能耗

Table 6 Different solid-liquid separation of separation effect and energy consumption

废水类型 Wastewater type	水质指标 Water quality index	固液分离类型Solid-liquid separation type	筛网孔径 Mesh aperture (mm)	去除率Removal rate (%)	处理量Treatment amount (m³·h⁻¹)	能耗Power consumption	参考文献 Reference
猪场废水 Pig farm wastewater	COD: 10 086~19 051 mg∙L⁻¹	振动筛 Vibrating screen	0.93, 1.20, 1.51	9.26~23.2	40~80	1.5 kW	[24]
	TN: 2350~1367 mg∙L⁻¹			13.9~31.4
	${\rm{NH}}_4^ +$ -N: 528~250 mg∙L⁻¹			0.3~1.2
	TP: 197~107 mg∙L⁻¹			10.4~18.7
猪场废水 Pig farm wastewater	COD: 12 000~18 000 mg∙L⁻¹	滤网 Filter screen	NA	25~30	NA	NA	[26]
牛场废水 Cattle farm wastewater	TS: 13%	螺旋挤压机 Screw extractor	0.3, 0.5, 0.7	41.5~60.9	15~20	NA	[25]
	VS: 83.1%			7.3~11.6
	${\rm{NH}}_4^ +$ -N: 790 mg∙L⁻¹
猪场废水 Pig farm wastewater	TS, TP, TN: 5.6 mg∙L⁻¹	螺旋挤压机 Screw extractor	0.5, 0.75, 1, 3	TS 19.2~49.4TP 12.8~49.4 TN 4.4~19.2	NA	NA	[27]
猪场废水 Pig farm wastewater	TS: 2.0%~8%	沉降离心机 Sedimentation centrifuge	NA	TS 43~61 SS 73	4~10	15 kW	[23]
猪场废水 Pig farm wastewater	TS: 0.5%~8.0%	离心微滤机 Centrifugal microfiltration	0.015, 0.025, 0.05	57	14~19	7.5 kW	本研究 This study
	COD: 6720~72 650 mg∙L⁻¹			29
	TP: 442~4500 mg∙L⁻¹			43
COD: 化学需氧量; TN: 总氮; NH₄⁺-N: 氨氮; TP: 总磷; TS: 总固体含量; VS: 挥发型固体; NA: 无相关参数。COD: chemical oxygen demand; TN: total nitrogen; NH₄⁺-N: ammonia nitrogen; TP: total phosphorus; TS: total solids; VS: volatile solid; NA: not available

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