刘伯顺, 黄立华, 黄金鑫, 黄广志, 蒋小曈. 我国农田氨挥发研究进展与减排对策[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 875−888. DOI:10.12357/cjea.20210820
引用本文: 刘伯顺, 黄立华, 黄金鑫, 黄广志, 蒋小曈. 我国农田氨挥发研究进展与减排对策[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2022, 30(6): 875−888.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20210820
LIU B S, HUANG L H, HUANG J X, HUANG G Z, JIANG X T. Research progress toward and emission reduction measures of ammonia volatilization from farmlands in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 875−888. DOI:10.12357/cjea.20210820
Citation: LIU B S, HUANG L H, HUANG J X, HUANG G Z, JIANG X T. Research progress toward and emission reduction measures of ammonia volatilization from farmlands in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(6): 875−888.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20210820

我国农田氨挥发研究进展与减排对策

Research progress toward and emission reduction measures of ammonia volatilization from farmlands in China

  • 摘要:氨挥发是我国农田氮肥损失的主要途径, 不仅降低了氮肥利用效率, 还会造成雾霾、大气干湿沉降和温室效应等生态环境问题。本文简要分析了近10年(2011—2020年)我国农田氨挥发研究现状, 总体上呈迅速发展态势且国际化趋势显著, 但研究的影响力有待提升; 由于我国幅员辽阔, 农田氨挥发呈现较大的时空变异特点, 与作物种类、施肥、气候、土壤以及作物生长期等密切相关, 氨挥发的调控必须因地制宜对氮肥进行科学管理; 农田氨挥发测定方法历经200多年的发展, 由最初的间接估算逐渐发展为化学测量和光谱分析, 测量的精确性和范围都得到了大幅提升。本文也概括总结了我国在农田氨挥发减排上的主要措施以及存在的问题, 提出未来应加强农田氨挥发的微生物学机理和时空变异性研究, 做好测定方法的对比研究及空天地一体化技术的应用, 加强耕作机械化与智能化, 逐步完善减排评价体系等减排对策。旨在为我国未来氨挥发研究和制定合理的减排政策提供参考。

    Abstract:Ammonia volatilization is the main mechanism of nitrogen loss in farmlands. It not only reduces nitrogen use efficiency but also causes ecological and environmental problems such as haze, atmospheric dry and wet deposition, and greenhouse effects. In this study, we briefly analyzed the research status of ammonia volatilization in farmlands within the past 10 years (2011−2020) and the corresponding temporal and spatial variation characteristics in China; further investigated the influence mechanism of ammonia volatilization; reviewed the development process, principles, advantages, and disadvantages of the determination methods for ammonia volatilization in farmland; and summarized the existing problems of the main measures for reducing ammonia emissions. Research on farmland ammonia volatilization has shown rapid development and significant international trends in China, but the international influence of this researches needs further improvement. Due to its vast territory, ammonia volatilization in farmland presents the characteristics of large temporal and spatial variations, which are closely related to crop types, fertilization, climate, soil, and crop growth period. To regulate and mitigate ammonia volatilization, nitrogen fertilizer application should be managed scientifically according to local conditions. After more than 200 years of development, methods for determining ammonia volatilization in farmland have gradually developed from initial indirect estimation to chemical measurement and spectral analysis, and the accuracy and scope of measurement have been greatly improved. Additionally, we summarized the main measures and existing problems in reducing ammonia volatilization from farmlands in China. In the future, researches on the microbiological mechanism and temporal-spatial variability of ammonia volatilization in farmland should be increased, air-space-land integrated monitoring technology for ammonia volatilization should be applied in farmland, and the mechanization and intelligence of farming should be strengthened; moreover, a more accurate evaluation system for reducing ammonia emissions should be gradually established. The suggested improvements will provide a reference for future research on ammonia volatilization and the formulation of reasonable emission reduction policies in China.

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