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摘要: 随着社会经济发展和人口的不断增加, 我国农业种植结构逐渐单一化, 农业系统的生物多样性急剧降低, 农业发展面临着确保粮食安全和可持续发展的挑战。本文回顾了生态学和农业研究中品种混作的生态学机制(互补效应、选择效应、抗病原菌机制、菌根共生机制和植物-土壤反馈效应), 分析了品种混作存在的潜在风险, 混作效果受品种、环境和管理方式等多方面的影响。对自然和农业系统中品种混作的研究表明, 品种混作提高了物种和物种内的遗传多样性, 多样性的提高通常有益于生态系统的功能, 在提高作物生产力和减少病虫害方面具有重要意义。本文总结了混作品种的筛选原则以及功能性状评价依据, 提出混作品种的筛选应基于功能性状、目标导向和实际的生产需求, 并以产量、产量稳定性和抗胁迫能力等指标对混作性能进行综合性评价。Abstract: With the development of social economy and the continuous increase in population, the agricultural planting structure in China has gradually simplified, and the biodiversity of the agricultural system has drastically reduced. Agricultural development faces the challenges of ensuring food security and sustainable development. In this article, we reviewed the ecological mechanism of mixed cropping of varieties of crops in ecology and agronomy researches from perspectives of complementary effect, selection effect, resistance to pathogens, mycorrhizal symbiosis, and plant-soil feedback effect; and described the potential risks, which are affected by variety, environment, and management aspects. Studies on mixed cropping of crops varieties in natural and agricultural systems have shown that biological and genetic diversity is usually beneficial to ecosystem function. Mixed cropping of varieties improves biodiversity, which is of great significance for improving crop productivity and reducing pests and diseases. We summarized the screening principles and basis of functional trait evaluation of mixed cropping of crops varieties. The selection of varieties should be based on functional traits and goal-oriented and actual production needs, and the performance of varieties should be comprehensively evaluated by yield, yield stability, and stress resistance.
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图 1 作物品种混作稳产增产的生态学机制
Figure 1. Ecological mechanism of mixed cropping of crop varieties
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