河北昌黎县主要入海口水体与沉积物中重金属污染分析

吴素霞; 谢新宇; 范海荣; 陈丽娜; 靳常敏; 崔悦; 宋士涛

doi:10.12357/cjea.20220939

河北昌黎县主要入海口水体与沉积物中重金属污染分析

1.
河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院/秦皇岛市滨海湿地环境修复与资源开发利用工程技术研究中心　秦皇岛　066000
2.
河北科技师范学院化学工程学院　秦皇岛　066000

基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划项目(22374202D, 22327302D)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
吴素霞, 主要从事生态环境保护方面的研究。E-mail: suxiawu@163.com

通讯作者:
宋士涛, 主要从事环境化学方面的研究。E-mail: sst1210@163.com

中图分类号: X522
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-02
- 录用日期: 2023-04-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-25
- 刊出日期: 2023-07-09

Heavy metal pollution in the water and sediment of main estuaries into the sea in Changli County, Hebei Province

1.
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology / Engineering Technology Research Center for Coastal Wetland Environmental Restoration and Resources Development and Utilization of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
2.
College of Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China

Funds: This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (22374202D, 22327302D).

More Information

Corresponding author:
SONG Shitao: E-mail: sst1210@163.com

摘要

摘要: 为加强河北昌黎县近海水体环境保护和管理, 在其境内主要入海口分别采集水样及表层沉积物, 分析Cd、Pb、Cu等8种重金属含量, 并采用单因子指数法、地积累指数法和潜在生态污染指数法对其重金属污染状况和风险进行评价。结果表明: 8种重金属在3个入海口水体中的浓度大小顺序不尽相同, 新开口重金属含量顺序为Ni>Cr>As>Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd, 大蒲河口为Ni>As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd, 东沙河口为Ni>Cr>As>Zn>Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu。8种重金属在各入海口含量差异较大, Ni含量最高, 与《海水水质标准》(GB 3097—1997)中第二类水质标准限值作对比, 3个入海口Ni含量均达到重度污染。Pb在新开口达到重度污染, 在大蒲河口为轻度污染, 东沙河口未超标。Cr在新开口为轻度污染。Cd、Hg、Cu、Zn、As均未出现污染。在沉积物中检出的重金属中Cd在3个入海口均处于偏中度污染水平, 潜在生态风险系数新开口、大蒲河口和东沙河口分别为160.71、171.43、150.00, 分别达到高度风险、高度风险和偏高度风险。重金属Cu和Ni在大蒲河口和东沙河口、Pb在新开口均出现轻度污染。潜在生态风险综合指数显示, 新开口、大蒲河口和东沙河口均属于中度风险。从重金属贡献率来看, 以Cd的贡献率为最大, 需引起足够的重视。
- 昌黎县 /
- 入海口 /
- 沉积物 /
- 重金属
Abstract: Heavy metals have been included as conventional indicators in various water quality tests and evaluations. In recent years, the coastal water quality in Changli County of Hebei Province has gradually deteriorated, increasing the risk of heavy metal pollution. The investigation on heavy metal pollution is of great significance for strengthening the environmental protection and management of the coastal water body in this region. In this study, the main estuaries in Changli County (Xinkai, Dapuhe, and Dongshahe estuaries) were considered as research objects. Water and surface sediment samples were collected in October 2019 during the normal water period, and the contents of eight heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, Cr, and Ni) in the water and surface sediment samples were analyzed. The single-factor index method was used to evaluate the pollution status of heavy metals in water bodies. Geoaccumulation index and potential ecological pollution index methods were used to evaluate the status and risk of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments. The results show that the concentrations of the eight heavy metals in the water bodies of each estuary were different. The orders of heavy metal concentration was Ni>Cr>As>Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd in the Xinkai estuary, Ni>As>Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd in the Dapuhe estuary and Ni>Cr>As>Zn>Pb>Cd>Hg>Cu in the Dongshahe estuary. The concentrations of the eight heavy metals in the estuaries differed greatly, where Ni concentration was the highest. Compared with the limit of the second type of water quality standard in the Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097—1997), the Ni content in the three estuaries reached heavy pollution. Pb pollution in the Xinkai and Dapuhe estuaries was heavy and light, respectively, and Pb in the Dongshahe estuary did not exceed the standard. Cr pollution in the Xinkai estuary was mild, and no pollution was found for Cd, Hg, Cu, Zn, and As. Among the heavy metals detected in the sediments, Cd was at a moderate pollution level in the three estuaries with the highest potential ecological risk coefficients of 160.71, 171.43, and 150.00 for the Xinkai, Dapuhe, and Dongshahe estuaries, respectively, indicating a high risk. Cu and Ni pollution in the sediments of the Dapuhe estuary and Dongshahe estuary were low, and Pb pollution in the sediments of the Xinkai estuary was also low. The comprehensive index of potential ecological risk showed that the Xinkai, Dapuhe, and Dongshahe estuaries were at moderate risk. From the perspective of the contribution rate of heavy metals, the contribution rate of Cd was the highest and should be given sufficient attention. A comprehensive study showed that heavy metal pollution exists in the main estuary of Changli County, which is at a level of moderate potential ecological risk. In response to the heavy metal pollution situation at the main sea inlets of Changli County, we call on the local government to take multiple measures, combine prevention and control, protect the marine environment in the region, and achieve sustainable development of marine resources in the region.
- Changli County /
- Estuaries /
- Sediment /
- Heavy metal

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图 1 昌黎县主要入海口沉积物重金属地积累指数(I_geo)

Figure 1. Geo-accumulation indexes (I_geo) of heavy metals in sediments of main estuaries in Changli County

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表 1 单因子指数(P_i)污染状况等级划分

Table 1 Classification of pollution status by single factor index (P_i)

	${P}_{i}$ ≤1	1< ${P}_{i}$ ≤2	2< ${P}_{i}$ ≤3	${P}_{i}$ >3
污染等级 Classification of pollution	无污染 Non-pollution	轻度污染 Light pollution	中度污染 Moderate pollution	重度污染 Heavy pollution

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表 2 地积累指数(I_geo)划分等级

Table 2 Grades of geo-accumulation index (I_geo)

I_geo	等级 Grade
I_geo≤0	无污染 Non-pollution
0<I_geo≤1	轻度污染 Light pollution
1<I_geo≤2	偏中度污染 Hemi-moderate pollution
2<I_geo≤3	中度污染 Moderate pollution
3<I_geo≤4	偏重度污染 Hemi-heavy pollution
4<I_geo≤5	重度污染 Heavy pollution
I_geo>5	严重污染 Serious pollution

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表 3 潜在生态风险程度评价分级标准

Table 3 Evaluation and classification criteria for potential ecological risk degree

潜在生态风险系数 Potential ecological risk coefficient $\left({E}_{{\rm{r}}}^{i}\right)$		生态风险综合指数 Comprehensive ecological risk index (RI)
系数值 Value	风险等级 Risk level	指数值 Value	风险等级 Risk level
${E}_{{\rm{r}}}^{i}$ <40	低风险 Low risk	RI<150	低风险 Low risk
40≤ ${E}_{{\rm{r}}}^{i}$ <80	中度风险 Moderate risk	150≤RI<300	中度风险 Moderate risk
80≤ ${E}_{{\rm{r}}}^{i}$ <160	偏高度风险 Hemi-high risk	300≤RI<600	高度风险 High risk
160≤ ${E}_{{\rm{r}}}^{i}$ <320	高度风险 High risk	RI≥600	极高风险 Extremely high risk
${E}_{{\rm{r}}}^{i}$ ≥320	极高风险 Extremely high risk

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表 4 昌黎县主要入海口水体重金属含量及单因素评价(P_i)结果

Table 4 Contents of heavy metals in water and the result of single factor evaluation (P_i) of main estuary water in Changli County

入海口 Estuary	项目 Item	Cd	Hg	Cu	Zn	As	Pb	Cr	Ni
新开口 Xinkai estuary	含量 Content (μg∙L⁻¹)	0.06±0.01	0.12±0.02	0.14±0.05	1.65±0.12	20.36±0.23	19.93±1.19	151.27±2.10	1080.00±5.51
新开口 Xinkai estuary	P_i	0.012	0.60	0.014	0.03	0.68	3.99	1.51	108.00
大蒲河口 Dapuhe estuary	含量 Content (μg∙L⁻¹)	0.08±0.01	0.14±0.04	0.20±0.06	1.68±0.09	20.90±1.21	5.29±0.05	18.69±0.96	366.72±2.44
大蒲河口 Dapuhe estuary	P_i	0.016	0.70	0.020	0.03	0.70	1.06	0.19	36.67
东沙河口 Dongshahe estuary	含量 Content (μg∙L⁻¹)	0.33±0.02	0.13±0.02	0.01±0.00	2.75±0.02	16.79±0.23	1.13±0.09	17.61±0.41	278.42±4.07
东沙河口 Dongshahe estuary	P_i	0.066	0.65	0.001	0.06	0.56	0.23	0.18	27.84
标准值 Standard value (μg∙L⁻¹)		5	0.2	10	50	30	5	100	10

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表 5 昌黎县主要入海口沉积物重金属含量

Table 5 Contents of heavy metals in sediments of main estuaries in Changli County

mg∙kg⁻¹
入海口 Estuary	Hg	Cd	As	Pb	Cu	Cr	Zn	Ni
新开口 Xinkai estuary	—	0.30±0.02	—	44.76±6.00	21.57±3.78	35.91±4.01	32.77±4.91	34.33±4.10
大蒲河口 Dapuhe estuary	—	0.32±0.03	5.71±1.06	19.71±4.53	59.29±1.96	62.39±3.68	80.97±3.33	51.39±3.78
东沙河口 Dongshahe estuary	—	0.28±0.02	7.19±3.04	18.90±1.33	55.25±6.20	74.97±5.87	87.23±4.10	54.61±5.07
河北省土壤背景值 Backgorund value in Hebei Province	0.025	0.056	12.8	20.5	21.0	65.4	71.9	28.7
—代表未检出。— means not detected.

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表 6 昌黎县主要入海口沉积物中重金属潜在生态风险系数及风险指数

Table 6 Potential ecological risk coefficients and potential ecological risk indexes of heavy metals in sediments of main estuaries in Changli County

入海口 Estuary	潜在生态风险系数 Potential ecological risk coefficient							生态风险综合指数 Comprehensive ecological risk index
入海口 Estuary	Cd	As	Pb	Cu	Cr	Zn	Ni	生态风险综合指数 Comprehensive ecological risk index
新开口 Xinkai estuary	160.71	—	10.92	5.14	1.10	0.46	2.39	180.71
大蒲河口 Dapuhe estuary	171.43	4.46	4.81	14.12	1.91	1.13	3.58	201.43
东沙河口 Dongshahe estuary	150.00	15.23	4.61	13.15	2.29	1.21	3.81	180.69
—代表未检出。— means not detected.

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表 7 昌黎县主要入海口沉积物中不同重金属的生态风险综合指数贡献率

Table 7 Contribution rates of different heavy metals comprehensive ecological risk indexes in sediments of main estuaries in Changli County

%
入海口 Estuary	Cd	As	Pb	Cu	Cr	Zn	Ni
新开口 Xinkai estuary	88.93	0.00	6.04	2.84	0.61	0.25	1.32
大蒲河口 Dapuhe estuary	85.11	2.21	2.39	7.01	0.95	0.56	1.78
东沙河口 Dongshahe estuary	83.02	3.11	2.55	7.28	1.27	0.67	2.11

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