曹妃甸湿地自然保护区植物多样性研究

胡爱双, 郭文静, 邢春强, 马旺, 孙宇, 丁冯洁, 张薇

胡爱双, 郭文静, 邢春强, 马旺, 孙宇, 丁冯洁, 张薇. 曹妃甸湿地自然保护区植物多样性研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(7): 1121−1132. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220940
引用本文: 胡爱双, 郭文静, 邢春强, 马旺, 孙宇, 丁冯洁, 张薇. 曹妃甸湿地自然保护区植物多样性研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(7): 1121−1132. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220940
HU A S, GUO W J, XING C Q, MA W, SUN Y, DING F J, ZHANG W. Plant diversity in Caofeidian wetland nature reserve[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(7): 1121−1132. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220940
Citation: HU A S, GUO W J, XING C Q, MA W, SUN Y, DING F J, ZHANG W. Plant diversity in Caofeidian wetland nature reserve[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(7): 1121−1132. DOI: 10.12357/cjea.20220940

曹妃甸湿地自然保护区植物多样性研究

基金项目: 河北省重点研发计划项目(22374202D)、唐山市科技计划项目(20150211C)和河北省自然资源厅科研项目(13000021ZAY71UHX56S9W)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    胡爱双, 主要研究方向为耐盐植物生理生态研究。E-mail: hash0207@163.com

    通讯作者:

    孙宇, 主要研究方向为盐碱地生态修复技术研究。E-mail: 13703381235@163.com

  • 中图分类号: Q948

Plant diversity in Caofeidian wetland nature reserve

Funds: This research was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province (22374202D), the Science and Technology Program of Tangshan (20150211C) and the Scientific Research Project of Natural Resources Department of Hebei Province (13000021ZAY71UHX56S9W).
More Information
  • 摘要: 为了探究曹妃甸湿地和鸟类省级自然保护区植物多样性以及土壤理化性质空间分布规律, 采用生态学样地调查方法对研究区内植被群落结构及其相应土壤理化性质进行调查与测定, 通过相关性分析探讨植物多样性与土壤盐分和养分指标的关系。研究结果表明: 1)研究区种子植物共有23科47属54种, 被子植物占绝对优势, 植物种绝大部分是中生草本植物。2)研究区植物区系数量结构分析显示研究区内优势科有4科, 分别是菊科、禾本科、藜科和豆科; 优势属有5属, 分别是藜属、莴苣属、碱蓬属、蒿属和补血草属; 数量结构特征表现出科级和属级水平上的多样性, 区系地理成分特征相对复杂, 以温带分布为主, 但也出现了热带分布。3)研究区植物群落主要以草本植物为主, 可分为9种类型, 其中茵陈蒿、葎草群落更为稳定, 芦苇群落的多样性最差。4)土壤盐分和速效钾高值区主要分布在研究区西南部地区, 土壤速效磷高值区主要分布在西北部地区, 速效氮和有机质含量高值区空间分布较为分散。5)湿地植物多样性指数整体上与土壤盐分呈负相关关系, 与土壤养分尤其速效氮呈现正相关关系。该研究结果明确了该区植物的分布及多样性情况, 并对其影响因素进行了初步分析, 可为曹妃甸湿地植物多样性保护和管理提供一定科学依据。

     

    Abstract: Coastal wetlands are one of the most biodiverse ecosystems. Studying wetland plant diversity is important for maintaining the integrity and stability of wetland ecosystems. To provide a basis for the scientific management of the coastal wetland ecosystem, this study used the Caofeidian Wetland and Bird Provincial Nature Reserve as the research area, adopted the ecological sampling survey method, and selected sample plots with typical plant communities along the river bank, coast, and the direction perpendicular to the river bank and the coast, to investigate the spatial distribution of plant diversity, soil physical and chemical properties, and calculated the correlation between the two. The results showed that: 1) there were 23 families, 47 genera, and 54 species of seed plants in the study area. Angiosperms were dominant, and most of the plant species were mesophytic herbs. 2) The results of the quantitative structural analysis of the flora showed that there were four dominant families in the study area, namely Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Fabaceae, and three representative families, namely, Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, and Salicaceae. There were five dominant genera: Chenopodium, Lactuca, Suaeda, Artemisia, and Limonium, and the characteristic genera were Lactuca and Suaeda. The quantitative structure featured diversity at the family and genus levels. The geographical components of the flora were relatively complex, mainly in temperate and tropical zones. 3) The plant communities in the study area were mainly herbaceous, including nine vegetation communities: Suaeda salsa, Bassia scoparia, Artemisia annua, Suaeda glauca, Phragmites australis, Humulus scandens, Carex phacota, Bidens pilosa, and Artemisia capillaris, among which the communities of A. capillaris and H. scandens were most stable, and the diversity of P. australis community was the lowest. 4) The high-value areas of soil salt and available potassium were mainly distributed in the southwest of the study area, those of soil available phosphorus were mainly distributed in the northwest, and those of available nitrogen and organic matter content were relatively scattered. 5) The wetland plant diversity indexes were negatively correlated with soil salinity and positively correlated with soil nutrients, especially available nitrogen. The results of this study clarified the distribution and diversity of plants in the area and preliminarily analyzed soil impact factors. These results provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of plant diversity in the Caofeidian wetlands.

     

  • 图  1   研究区位置及样方分布示意图

    Figure  1.   Location and sampling points distribution of the study area

    图  2   研究区0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤盐分的空间分布

    Figure  2.   Spatial distribution of soil salt of 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm layers in the study area

    图  3   研究区0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤养分空间分布

    Figure  3.   Spatial distribution of soil nutrients of 0−20 cm and 20−40 cm layers in the study area

    表  1   研究区植物优势科和表征科

    Table  1   Dominant families and representative families of vegetation in the study area

    编号
    Number
    科名
    Family name
    所含种数
    Number of species included
    编号
    Number
    科名
    Family name
    所含种数
    Number of species included
    优势科 Dominant species 17 蔷薇科 Rosaceae 1
    1 菊科 Asteraceae 12 18 茄科 Solanaceae 1
    2 禾本科 Poaceae 8 19 桑科 Moraceae 1
    3 藜科 Chenopodiaceae 7 20 天南星科 Araceae 1
    4 豆科 Fabaceae 5 21 卫矛科 Celastraceae 1
    5 白花丹科 Plumbaginaceae 2 22 旋花科 Convolvulaceae 1
    6 蓼科 Polygonaceae 2 23 榆科 Ulmaceae 1
    7 杨柳科 Salicaceae 2 平均值 Average 3
    8 白刺科 Nitrariaceae 1 表征科 Representative species
    9 柏科 Cupressaceae 1 1 菊科 Asteraceae 12
    10 柽柳科 Tamaricaceae 1 2 禾本科 Poaceae 8
    11 大麻科 Cannabaceae 1 3 藜科 Chenopodiaceae 7
    12 锦葵科 Malvaceae 1 4 豆科 Fabaceae 5
    13 萝藦科 Asclepiadaceae 1 5 白花丹科 Plumbaginaceae 2
    14 马齿苋科 Portulacaceae 1 6 蓼科 Polygonaceae 2
    15 漆树科 Anacardiaceae 1 7 杨柳科 Salicaceae 2
    16 茜草科 Rubiaceae 1 平均值 Average 5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   研究区植物优势属及表征属

    Table  2   Dominant genera and representative genera of vegetation in the study area

    编号
    Number
    属名
    Genus name
    所含种数
    Number of species included
    编号
    Number
    属名
    Genus name
    所含种数
    Number of species included
    优势属 Dominant genera29马齿苋属 Portulaca1
    1藜属 Chenopodium330马唐属 Digitaria1
    2莴苣属 Lactuca231穇属 Eleusine1
    3碱蓬属 Suaeda232鬼针草属 Bidens1
    4蒿属 Artemisia233虎掌藤属 Pharbitis1
    5补血草属 Limonium234茜草属 Rubia1
    6白刺属 Nitraria135半夏属 Pinellia1
    7白茅属 Imperata136桑属 Morus1
    8稗属 Echinochloa137稻属 Oryza1
    9萹蓄属 Polygonum138蓼属 Persicaria1
    10草木樨属 Melilotus139大豆属 Glycine1
    11侧柏属 Platycladus140槐属 Styphnolobium1
    12柽柳属 Tamarix141紫穗槐属 Amorpha1
    13蓟属 Cirsium242苘麻属 Abutilon1
    14刺槐属 Robinia143蓟属 Cirsium1
    15鬼针草属 Bidens144苦荬菜属 Ixeris1
    16地肤属 Kochia145榆属 Ulmus1
    17鹅绒藤属 Cynanchum146苹果属 Malus1
    18苋属 Amaranthus147杨属 Populus1
    19狗尾草属 Setaria148卫矛属 Euonymus1
    20虎尾草属 Chloris1平均值 Average1
    21盐麸木属 Rhus1表征属 Representative genera
    22苦苣菜属 Sonchus11藜属 Chenopodium3
    23鳢肠属 Eclipta12莴苣属 Lactuca2
    24柳属 Salix13碱蓬属 Suaeda2
    25茄属 Solanum14蒿属 Artemisia2
    26芦苇属 Phragmites15补血草属 Limonium2
    27裸柱菊属 Soliva16蓟属 Cirsium2
    28葎草属 Humulus1平均值 Average2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   研究区植物科级区系的类型

    Table  3   Types of family level flora in the study area

    分布区
    Distributive flora
    分布类型
    Distribution type
    科名
    Family name
    世界分布
    World distribution
    温带分布, 5科
    Temperate distribution, 5 families
    菊科、禾本科、藜科、蓼科、蔷薇科
    Asteraceae, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae
    热带分布, 4科
    Tropical distribution, 4 families
    萝藦科、茄科、天南星科、旋花科
    Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Araceae, Convolvulaceae
    温带-热带分布, 4科
    Temperate-tropical distribution, 4 families
    豆科、白花丹科、锦葵科、马齿苋科
    Fabaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Malvaceae, Portulacaceae
    温带分布
    Temperate distribution
    北温带-南温带间断, 3科
    Punctuated distribution of northern temperate southern temperate zone, 3 families
    杨柳科、柏科、柽柳科
    Salicaceae, Cupressaceae, Tamaricaceae
    热带分布
    Tropical distribution
    泛热带分布, 6科
    Pan tropical distribution, 6 families
    大麻科、漆树科、茜草科、桑科、卫矛科、榆科
    Cannabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rubiaceae, Moraceae, Celastraceae, Ulmaceae
    古地中海分布
    Ancient Mediterranean distribution
    古地中海分布, 1科
    Ancient Mediterranean distribution, 1 families
    白刺科
    Nitrariaceae
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   研究区植物属一级区系的类型

    Table  4   Types of genus level flora in the study area

    分布区
    Distributive flora
    分布类型及变型
    Distribution type and variant
    属数
    Genuera number
    占非世界分布
    Percentage of non
    world distribution (%)
    世界分布
    World distribution
    1 型世界分布
    World distribution
    11
    热带分布
    Tropical distribution
    2 泛热带分布
    Pan tropical distribution
    6 16.7
    5 热带亚洲至热带澳大利亚分布
    Distribution from tropical Asia to tropical Australia
    1 2.8
    7 越南(或中南半岛)至华南(或西南)
    Vietnam (or Indochina Peninsula) to South China (or southwest)
    1 2.8
    温带分布
    Temperate distribution
    8 北温带广布
    Widely distributed in north temperate zone
    3 8.3
    8-4北温带南温带间断(泛温带)
    North temperate zone south temperate zone discontinuity
    9 25.0
    9 东亚—北美间断分布
    East Asia North America discontinuous distribution
    2 5.6
    10 欧亚温带分布或旧世界温带分布
    Eurasian temperate distribution or old world temperate distribution
    3 8.3
    10-3 欧亚和南部非洲(有时还有大洋洲)间断
    Eurasia and Southern Africa (and sometimes Oceania) discontinuities
    1 2.8
    亚洲分部
    Asian distribution
    12 中亚、西亚至地中海分布
    Distribution from Central Asia, West Asia to Mediterranean
    1 2.8
    12-3 地中海至温带-热带亚洲、大洋洲和南美洲间断
    Mediterranean to temperate tropical Asia, Oceania and South America discontinuities
    1 2.8
    14 东亚分布
    Distribution in East Asia
    1 2.8
    14 (SH) 中国-喜马拉雅
    China-Himalayan distribution
    1 2.8
    14 (SJ) 中国-日本
    Distribution from China to Japan
    3 8.3
    其他分布
    Other distributions
    其他分布
    Other distributions
    3 8.3
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   研究区主要植物群落及其主要特征

    Table  5   Main plant communities and their main characteristics in the study area

    群落
    Community
    盖度
    Cover degree
    (%)
    植物种数
    Plant species
    number
    多度和
    Abundance
    sum
    香农-维纳指数
    Shannon-Wiener
    index (H)
    辛普森指数
    Simpson
    index (D)
    均匀度指数
    Pielou
    index (E)
    丰富度指数
    Margalef
    index (R)
    碱蓬
    Suaeda glauca
    59.63590.770.670.761.78
    地肤
    Kochia scoparia
    79.78461.690.710.796.56
    黄花蒿
    Artemisia annua
    95.610861.530.840.834.23
    盐地碱蓬
    Suaeda salsa
    98.981991.290.630.615.52
    芦苇
    Phragmites australis
    91.251490.910.440.533.45
    葎草
    Humulus scandens
    99.913752.180.840.859.64
    三棱草
    Carex phacota
    72.672221.130.540.582.71
    婆婆刺
    Bidens pilosa
    97.892001.460.670.675.50
    茵陈蒿
    Artemisia capillaris
    96.39742.020.860.925.05
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   研究区不同样带的土壤盐渍化程度及养分含量

    Table  6   Salinization degrees and nutrients contents of soil in different zones in the study area

    样带
    Area
    土壤深度
    Soil depth
    (cm)
    盐分含量
    Salt content
    (g∙kg−1)
    速效氮
    Available nitrogen
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效磷
    Available phosphorus
    (mg∙kg−1)
    速效钾
    Available potassium
    (mg∙kg−1)
    有机质
    Soil organic matter
    (g∙kg−1)
    10~204.71±4.29ab23.84±23.57a21.42±8.85ab43.29±13.36a8.41±4.10ab
    20~405.98±5.42a17.50±9.17a18.92±3.09ab47.21±19.27a11.58±5.58ab
    20~202.10±2.56b30.47±19.48a25.87±14.78a41.62±17.33a12.00±5.94a
    20~402.29±2.99b17.09±12.32a15.53±5.97b34.12±11.74a7.61±6.02ab
    30~201.98±2.67b31.29±13.78a28.94±16.15a40.87±17.51a10.18±5.58ab
    20~403.03±5.23b18.27±10.75a22.06±10.41ab35.15±10.36a6.89±4.30b
       样带1、样带2和样带3与含盐最高的研究区西南角距离分别为0~5 km、5~10 km 和10~15 km, 分别包括8个、17个和17个样地。不同小写字母表于不同样带不同土层间差异显著(P<0.05)。The zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 are 0−5 km, 5−10 km and 10−15 km from the southwest corn of the study area, where has the highest salt content, containing 8, 17 and 17 sampling plots, respectively. Different lowercase letters mean significant differences among different soil layers of different zones.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   曹妃甸湿地植物群落多样性与土壤环境因子的相关系数

    Table  7   Correlation coefficient between plant community diversity and soil environmental factors in Caofeidian wetland

    样带
    Zone
    多样性指数
    Diversity index
    盐分含量
    Salt content
    速效氮
    Available nitrogen
    速效磷
    Available phosphorus
    速效钾
    Available potassium
    有机质
    Soil organic matter
    0~20 cm20~40 cm0~20 cm20~40 cm0~20 cm20~40 cm0~20 cm20~40 cm0~20 cm20~40 cm
    1丰富度指数 Margalef index (R)−0.046−0.786*0.6240.5850.388−0.211−0.448−0.714*0.791*0.860*
    香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)−0.229−0.5550.830*0.842*−0.077−0.174−0.574−0.5040.2360.403
    辛普森指数 Simpson index (D)−0.258−0.3180.6720.739*−0.350−0.208−0.458−0.254−0.291−0.023
    均匀度指数 Pielou index (E)−0.2550.3230.3420.326−0.454−0.213−0.3800.107−0.731−0.659
    2丰富度指数 Margalef index (R)−0.238−0.153−0.013−0.0770.0240.4200.3650.228−0.096−0.051
    香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)−0.2000.0510.0520.018−0.0270.3570.2550.383−0.0580.036
    辛普森指数 Simpson index(D)−0.2740.0200.0870.044−0.0220.2550.1530.264−0.0650.032
    均匀度指数 Pielou index (E)−0.2610.0250.0760.047−0.0290.2460.1900.3400.0030.030
    3丰富度指数 Margalef index (R)−0.164−0.1040.2750.5040.567*0.638*0.2870.1630.4580.559*
    香农-维纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index (H)−0.149−0.0960.3680.516*0.530*0.548*0.2300.1320.4670.543*
    辛普森指数 Simpson index (D)−0.242−0.1970.3890.3080.3660.2540.084−0.0600.3520.316
    均匀度指数 Pielou index (E)−0.209−0.1920.3980.2550.2110.1200.100−0.0620.2070.180
      样带1、样带2和样带3与含盐最高的研究区西南角距离分别为0~5 km、5~10 km 和10~15 km, 分别包括8个、17个和17个样地。*表示相关性显著(P<0.05)。The zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 are 0−5 km, 5−10 km and 10−15 km from the southwest corn of the study area, where has the highest salt content, containing 8, 17 and 17 sampling plots, respectively. * shows significant correlation at P<0.05.
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-03
  • 录用日期:  2023-03-14
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-03-29
  • 刊出日期:  2023-07-09

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