基于景观格局和生态系统服务的生态廊道修复成效评估指标体系

郭玉佳; 刘世梁; 董玉红; 刘佳驹; 李维珊

doi:10.12357/cjea.20230079

基于景观格局和生态系统服务的生态廊道修复成效评估指标体系

1.
河北水利电力学院　沧州　061016
2.
北京师范大学环境学院　北京　100088
3.
中国林业科学研究院林业研究所　北京　100091
4.
中国环境科学研究院流域水环境污染综合治理研究中心　北京　100012

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1303204)、国家自然科学基金项目(42271097)和河北水利电力学院省属高校基本科研业务费研究项目(SYKY2210)资助

详细信息

作者简介:
郭玉佳, 主要研究方向为景观生态学、环境影响评价与规划。E-mail: guoyujia@hbwe.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘世梁, 主要研究方向为景观生态学、恢复生态学、环境影响评价与规划。E-mail: shiliangliu@bnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q149
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-02-15
- 录用日期: 2023-06-12
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-10-15

An indicator system for effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration based on landscape patterns and ecosystem services

1.
Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering, Cangzhou 061016, China
2.
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100088, China
3.
Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
4.
Research Center for Comprehensive Treatment of River Basin Water Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

Funds: This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2022YFF1303204), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271097), and the Basic Research Funds of Provincial Universities of the Hebei University of Water Resources and Electric Engineering (SYKY2210).

More Information

Corresponding author:
LIU Shiliang: E-mail: shiliangliu@bnu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 为解决现有生态廊道建设成效评估中目标单一、指标体系不全面、缺乏景观生态学原则和缺乏生态修复项目不同尺度评估等问题, 本研究集成生态系统服务指标, 提出基于“格局-质量-服务”生态廊道修复成效综合评估指标体系。针对生态廊道特征, 成效评估主要从景观格局、生物多样性、栖息地、生态系统服务4个维度展开, 并确定项目范围和生态保护修复单元两种尺度的评估重点。通过频度分析法、专家咨询等方法, 以生态系统服务提升为修复目标, 参考已有规范内容, 筛选能够客观地反映项目生态修复效益的具体指标, 最终建立具有明确量化方法和评估标准的综合指标体系。评估指标体系包含景观格局优化、生物多样性保护、栖息地保护与构建和生态系统服务提升4个项目层, 以及15类准则层和41个指标项。以期更好地实现生态廊道的生态效益和推动生态廊道的建设实践, 并为未来国土空间生态修复方案制定、建设实施和后续管理提供科学参考和理论支撑。
- 生态廊道 /
- 修复成效 /
- 评估指标体系 /
- 景观格局 /
- 生态系统服务
Abstract: Implementing territorial ecological protection and restoration projects is important for promoting the China’s ecological civilization construction and ensuring national ecological security. China has actively explored and coordinated the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands, and several important ecological protection and restoration projects at both the national and local levels since 2012. As an important component of territorial ecological protection and restoration, ecological corridors, which are zonal areas in the ecological environment, can effectively form regional-scale ecological networks to ensure regional ecological security. After the completion of projects, it is of great practical importance to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of ecological restoration projects and analyze changes in ecological conditions before and after construction to improve ecological restoration work and optimize ecological safety barrier systems. However, there are several problems with the existing effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor construction, such as a single evaluation objective, an incomplete evaluation indicator system, lack of principles of landscape ecology, and lack of evaluation of ecological restoration projects at different scales. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a systematic and comprehensive indicator system to evaluate the effectiveness of ecological corridor restoration. This study integrated ecosystem services indicators and proposed an indicator system for comprehensive effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration based on Pattern-Quality-Service. According to the characteristics of the ecological corridor, the effectiveness evaluation involved four dimensions: landscape patterns, biodiversity, habitat, and ecosystem services. These important evaluation points were determined at the project and ecological protection and restoration unit scales. By means of frequency analysis, expert consultation, and other methods, taking the improvement of ecosystem services as the restoration goal and referring to the existing specifications, the specific indicators that could objectively reflect the ecological restoration benefits of the project were screened. A comprehensive indicator system with clear quantitative methods and evaluation criteria was developed. The evaluation indicator system included four project layers, namely landscape pattern optimization, biodiversity conservation, habitat conservation and construction, and ecosystem service improvement, as well as 15 criteria layers and 41 indicators. Considering the integrated protection and restoration of various ecological elements in different regions, the evaluation indicators were divided into restrictive and recommended indicators, which were applied to common integral and individual optional conditions in the projects, respectively. Classifying these two indicators can enhance the flexibility of the evaluation indicator system and expand its applicability. In practice, the selection of evaluation indicators for the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects should be combined with the actual situation of the project based on this indicator system and common indicators should be selected for evaluation. Based on the evaluation results, ecological protection, and restoration work can be adjusted and corrected. In general, this study can better realize the ecological benefits of ecological corridors restoration and promote the construction practice of such ecological corridors. It could also provide a scientific reference and theoretical support for the planning, construction, implementation, and followup management of future territorial ecological restoration.
- Ecological corridor /
- Restoration effectiveness /
- Evaluation indicator system /
- Landscape pattern /
- Ecosystem services

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图 1 基于景观格局和生态系统服务的生态廊道修复成效评估的研究技术路线

Figure 1. Research technology roadmap of effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration based on landscape pattern and ecosystem services

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表 1 基于景观格局和生态系统服务的生态廊道修复成效评估指标体系

Table 1 Effectiveness evaluation indicator system of ecological corridor restoration based on landscape pattern and ecosystem services

项目层 Project layer	准则层 Criteria layer	指标层 Indicator layer
景观格局优化 Landscape pattern optimization	生态廊道特征 Ecological corridor characteristics	密度指数、平均宽度、最小宽度 Density index, average width and minimum width
	景观多样性 Landscape diversity	Shannon多样性指数 Shannon diversity index
	景观破碎度 Landscape fragmentation	斑块密度、蔓延度指数、聚集度指数 Patch density, contagion index and aggregation index
	景观连通性 Landscape connectivity	整体连通性指数、可能连通性指数 Integral index of connectivity and index of possible connectivity
生物多样性保护 Biodiversity conservation	物种多样性 Species diversity	植物多样性、鸟类多样性、鱼类多样性、哺乳类动物多样性、两栖爬行类动物多样性 Plant diversity, bird diversity, fish diversity, mammal diversity, and diversity of amphibians and reptiles
	外来物种入侵度 Invasion degree by alien species	本地物种种数、外来物种数目、有害物种数目 Numbers of local species, alien species and harmful species
	物种濒危程度 Endangered species condition	珍稀和濒危物种数量 Number of rare and endangered species
栖息地保护与构建 Habitat conservation and construction	生境质量 Habitat quality	生境质量指数、生境退化风险指数 Habitat quality index and habitat degradation risk index
	水体生态状况 Water ecological condition	水体岸线自然化率、生态缓冲带宽度、水体连通性 Naturalization rate of water shoreline, width of ecological buffer zone, and water connectivity
	植被覆盖状况 Vegetation cover condition	乔灌木覆盖率、植被覆盖率 Coverage rate of tree and shrub, and vegetation coverage rate
	人为干扰强度 Human disturbance intensity	距主干路的距离、距居民区距离、人口密度、廊道两侧的土地利用类型 Distance from main road, distance from residential area, population density, and land use type on both sides of corridor
生态系统服务提升 Ecosystem service improvement	调节服务 Regulation service	土壤综合污染指数、水质监测断面达标率、土壤保持量、水源涵养量、防风固沙指数 Soil comprehensive pollution index, compliance rate of water quality monitoring section, soil conservation quantity, water conservation, and index of windbreak and sand fixation
	支持服务 Support service	净初级生产力、固碳量 Net primary productivity and carbon sequestration
	供给服务 Supply service	经济作物产量 Cash crop production
	文化服务 Cultural service	文化遗产价值、休闲游憩价值、美学价值、康养价值 Cultural heritage value, leisure and recreation value, aesthetic value, and health value

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表 2 生态廊道修复成效评估的景观格局优化评价指标体系

Table 2 Evaluation indicator system of landscape pattern optimization of effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration

准则层 Criteria layer	指标层 Indicator layer	指标含义及计算公式 Indicator meaning and calculation formula	变量释义 Variable definition	指标类型 Indicator type	尺度 Scale
生态廊道特征 Ecological corridor characteristics	密度指数 Density index	景观区域中廊道数量与该景观区域总面积的比值 Ratio of corridors number in the landscape area to the total area of the landscape	m是景观类型数量, n是斑块数量; N_i是景观类型i的斑块数; A_i是景观类型i的面积; P_i是第i类景观类型的面积占景观总面积的比值; g_ik是i类型斑块和k类型斑块毗邻的数目; g_ii是i类型斑块像元毗邻的数量; max是i类型斑块像元可能毗邻的最大数量; a_i是斑块i的面积; a_j是斑块j的面积; nl_ij是斑块i和斑块j之间的连接数; A_L是整个景观的面积; P_ij^是物种在斑块i和斑块j直接扩散的最大可能性 m is the number of landscape types; n is the number of patches; N_i is the number of patches of landscape type i; A_i is the area of landscape type i; P_i is the ratio of the area of landscape type i to the total area of the landscape; g_ik is the number of adjacent patches of type i and type k; g_ii is the number of adjacent pixels of type i patch; max is the maximum number of possible adjacent pixels of type i patch; a_i is the area of patch i; a_j is the area of patch j; nl_ij is the number of connections between patch i and patch j; A_L is the area of the whole landscape; P_ij^ is the maximum possibility of direct diffusion of species in patch i and patch j	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目 Project
	平均宽度 Average width	廊道面积与廊道长度的比值 Ratio of corridor area to corridor length		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator
	最小宽度 Minimum width	廊道最窄处的宽度 Width of the narrowest area of the corridor		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator
景观多样性 Landscape diversity	Shannon 多样性指数 Shannon diversity index (SHDI)	反映景观多样性 Reflecting landscape diversity ${\text{SHDI} } = - \displaystyle\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^m {({P_i} } \times \ln {P_i})$		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator
景观破碎度 Landscape fragmentation	斑块密度 Patch density (PD)	反映景观斑块分化 Reflecting the differentiation of landscape patches ${\text{PD}} = \dfrac{{{{\text{N}}_i}}}{{{A_i}}}$		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator
	蔓延度指数 Contagion index (CONTAG)	反映景观里不同斑块类型的团聚程度和延展趋势 Reflecting the aggregation degree and contagion trend of different patch types in the landscape ${\text{CONTAG} } = \left\{ {1 + \dfrac{ {\displaystyle\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^m \displaystyle\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{k = 1}^m \Biggr[ { { {P_i} } \times \Bigg(\dfrac{ { {g_{_{ik} } } } }{ {\displaystyle\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{k = i}^{ {\text{AI} } } { {g_{_{ik} } } } } }\Bigg)} \Biggr]} }{ {2\times\ln m} } } \right\} \times 100$		推荐性指标 Recommended indicator
	聚集度指数 Aggregation index (AI)	反映不同斑块的聚集程度 Reflecting the aggregation degree of different patches ${\text{AI} } = \left[ {\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{ {m} } {} \left( {\dfrac{ { {g_{_{ii}} } } }{ {\max - {g_{_{ii}} } } } } \right) \times P_i} \right] \times 100$		推荐性指标 Recommended indicator
景观连通性 Landscape connectivity	整体连通性指数 Integral index of connectivity (IIC)	表征生境斑块之间的连通性 Representing the connectivity between habitat patches ${\rm{ IIC} } = \dfrac{ {\displaystyle\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n \displaystyle\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^n \left[ {({a_i} \times {a_j})/(1 + { {\rm{nl} }_{{i j} } })} \right]} } { { {A_{\rm{L} } }^2} }$		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator
景观连通性 Landscape connectivity	可能连通性指数 Possibility connectivity index (PC)	生境斑块之间的连通可能性 Possibility of connection between habitat patches ${\text{PC} } = \frac{ {\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^n {} \displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{j = 1}^n ( {a_i} \times {a_j} \times {p_{_{i j} } }^*)} }{ {A_{ { {\rm{L} }^{} } }^2} }$		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator

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表 3 生态廊道修复成效评估的生物多样性保护评价指标体系

Table 3 Evaluation indicator system of biodiversity protection of effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration

准则层 Criteria layer	指标层 Indicator layer	指标含义及计算方法 Indicator meaning and calculation formula	执行标准 Executive standard	指标类型 Indicator type	尺度 Scale
物种多样性 Species diversity	植物多样性 Plant diversity	采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表征 Characterized by Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) $H = - \displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^S {\left( { {P_i} \times \ln {P_i} } \right)}$	HJ 623^[38]	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目 Project
	鸟类多样性 Bird diversity
	鱼类多样性 Fish diversity
	哺乳类动物多样性 Mammal diversity
	两栖爬行类动物多样性 Diverstiy of amphibians and reptiles
外来物种入侵度 Invasion degree by aline species	本地物种数目 Number of local species	反映本地生态系统的保持情况 Reflecting the maintenance of local ecosystem
	外地物种数目 Number of aline species	外来入侵物种的种类和数量变化 Species and quantity changes of aline invasive species
	有害物种数目 Number of harmful species	外来入侵有害物种和本地有害物种的种类和数量变化 Species and quantity changes of aline invasive and local harmful species
物种濒危程度 Endangered degree	珍稀、濒危物种数量 Number of rare and endangered species	反映重要物种的受保护情况 Reflecting the protection of important species	《中国物种红色名录》^[39] China Species Red List
S为调查区域内物种总数; i 为物种种类; P_i为物种i的相对重要值。S represents the total number of species within the survey area, i represents the species, P_i is the relative importance value of species i.

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表 4 生态廊道修复成效评估的栖息地保护与构建评价指标体系

Table 4 Evaluation indicator system of habitat protection and construction of effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration

准则层 Criteria layer	指标层 Indicator layer	指标含义及计算方法 Indicator meaning and calculation formula	执行标准 Executive standard	指标类型 Indicator type	尺度 Scale
生境质量 Habitat quality	生境质量指数 Habitat quality index (Q_xj)	代表某种土地利用类型自身的适宜程度 Representing suitability of a land use type ${Q_{_{x{ { j} } } } } = {H_{_j} } \times \left( {1 - \frac{ {D_{ { {x j} } }^{\text{2} } } }{ {D_{x j}^2 + {k^2} } } } \right)$	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目 Project
生境质量 Habitat quality	生境退化风险指数 Habitat degradation risk index (D_xj)	代表生境受到威胁后的退化程度 Representing degradation degree of habitat under threat ${D_{_{x j} } } = \displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{r = 1}^R {\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{y = 1}^{ {Y_r} } {\left( {\frac{ { {w_{_r} } } }{ {\displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{r = 1}^R { {w_{_r} } } } } } \right)} } \times {r_{_y} } \times {i_{_{rxy} } } \times {\beta _{_x} } \times {S_{_{ jr} } }$	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目 Project
水体生态状况 Water ecological condition	水体岸线自然化率 Naturalization rate of water shoreline	自然岸线长度占水体岸线总长度的比例 Proportion of natural shoreline length to total length of water shoreline	GB/T 50563^[41]	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
	生态缓冲带宽度 Width of ecological buffer zone	指陆地生态系统与河湖水域生态系统之间的连接带和过渡区的宽度 Referring to width of connecting zone and transition zone between the terrestrial ecosystem and the rivers and lakes ecosystem	《河湖生态缓冲带保护修复技术指南》 Technical Guidelines for Ecological Restoration of Riparian Buffers of Rivers and Lakes	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
	水体连通性 Water connectivity	反映河湖系统内生态元素在空间结构上的纵向联系, 水体连通性=河流长度/闸、坝等河湖障碍物数量×100% Reflecting vertical relationship of ecological elements in the spatial structure of river and lake system. Water connectivity=river length / number of obstacles such as gates and dams in rivers and lakes × 100%	SL 709^[42]	推荐性指标Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
植被覆盖状况 Vegetation cover conditions	乔灌木覆盖率 Coverage rate of tree and shrub	乔灌草和乔灌结构在场地中所占比例, 代表植物垂直结构完整性 Proportion of tree-shrub-grass and tree-shrub structure in the site, representing the integrity of plant vertical structure	GB/T 50563	约束性指标Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
植被覆盖状况 Vegetation cover conditions	植被覆盖率 Vegetation coverage rate	植被地上部分(包括叶、茎、枝)在地面的垂直投影面积占项目区总面积的百分比, 用归一化植物指数(NDVI)表示 Proportion of the vertical projected area of the above-ground parts of vegetation (including leaves, stems and branches) of the total area of the project area. It is represented by normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)	HJ 192^[43]	约束性指标Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
人为干扰强度 Human disturbance intensity	距主干路的距离 Distance from main road	在OpenStreetMap网站下载道路数据, 利用ArcGIS软件计算距离 Road data is downloaded from the OpenStreetMap website. The distance is calculated using ArcGIS software	—	约束性指标Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
	距居民区距离 Distance from residential area	数据来源于中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源环境科学与数据中心 Data from Resource and Environment Science and Data Center, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences	—	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
	人口密度 Population density	数据来源于地理监测云平台 Data from Geographical Information Monitoring Cloud Platform	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
	廊道两侧的土地利用类型 Land use type on both sides of corridor	是否为生态林地或无需施肥和农药的农田等对生态系统无干扰的土地 Whether is it ecological forest land or farmland without fertilizer and pesticide, or other land without disturbance to the ecosystem	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project/ protection and restoration unit
Q_xj为地类j栅格x的生境质量, H_j为地类j的生境适宜度, D_xj为地类j栅格x的生境退化风险指数, k为半饱和常数, R为威胁因子数量, Y_r为威胁因子r的栅格数, w_r为威胁因子r具有的威胁权重, y为胁迫因子r的栅格, r_y为栅格y的威胁值, i_rxy为r_y对栅格x的威胁水平, β_x为威胁因子对栅格x的可达性, S_jr为地类j对威胁因子r的敏感度。Q_xj is the habitat quality of grid x under land class j, H_j is the habitat suitability of land class j, D_xj is the habitat degradation risk index of grid x under land class j, k is the semi saturation constant, R is the number of risk sources, Y_r is the number of risk source grids, w_r is the threat weight of threat factor r, y is all grid units of the threat factor r, r_y is the threat value of grid y, i_rxy is the threat level of r_y to grid x, β_x is the accessibility of the risk source to grid x, and S_jr is the sensitivity of land class j to the risk source r.

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表 5 生态廊道修复成效评估的生态系统服务提升的评价指标体系

Table 5 Evaluation indicator system of ecosystem services promotion of effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration

准则层 Criteria layer	指标层 Indicator layer	指标含义及计算方法 Indicator meaning and calculation formula	执行标准 Executive standard	指标类型 Type of indicator	尺度 Scale
调节服务 Regulation service	土壤综合污染指数 Soil comprehensive pollution index (P_N)	${P_{\rm{_N} } } = \sqrt {\dfrac{ {P_{_ {i \; \text{aver} } }^2 + P{_{_{i\max } } ^2}} } {2} }$	GB 15618—2018 GB 36600—2018	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project / protection and restoration unit
	水质监测断面达标率 Compliance rate of water quality monitoring section	反映水环境治理情况, 水质监测断面达标率=水质达标监测断面(点位)数量/总监测断面(点位)数量×100% Reflecting the water environment treatment. Compliance rate of water quality monitoring section = number of water quality compliance monitoring sections (points) / number of total monitoring sections (points) × 100%	GB 3838	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project / protection and restoration unit
	土壤保持量 Soil conservation quantity (A_c)	代表土壤保持能力, 反映水土流失情况 Representing soil conservation capacity and reflecting soil erosion condition ${A{\rm{_{_c} } } } = \displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{ {n} } { {A_{_i} } } \times \left[ {R \times K \times L \times S \times (1 - C)} \right]$	HJ 1173—2021	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目 Project
	水源涵养量 Water conservation (TQ)	生态系统对降水进行截留、渗透、蓄积的能力 Referring to ecosystem’s ability to intercept, infiltrate and accumulate precipitation ${\text{TQ} } = \displaystyle\sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{ {j} } {({P_{_i} } - {R_{_i} } - {\text{E} }{ {\text{T} }_{_i} }) \times {A_{_i} } } \times {10^3}$	《生态保护红线划定指南》 Guidelines for Delineation of Ecological Conservation Redline	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目 Project
	防风固沙指数 Windbreak and sand fixation index (Q_sr)	代表植被抵抗风力侵蚀和风沙危害的能力 Representing vegetation’s ability to resist wind erosion and sand hazards ${Q_{ _{\text{sr} } } } = 100 \times \left(0.5 \times \dfrac{ { {\text{ NDVI} }{_{_m}} - 0.05} }{ {0.70} } + 0.5 \times \dfrac{ { {\text{NP} }{ {\text{P} }_{_m}} } }{ { {\text{NP} }{ {\text{P} }_{_{\max} } } } }\right)$	《区域生态质量评价办法(试行)》 Measures for Regional Ecological Quality Evaluation (Trial)	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目 Project
支持服务 Support service	净初级生产力 Net primary productivity (NPP)	${\text{NPP} }({{x} },t) = {\text{APAR} }(x,t) \times \varepsilon (x,t)$	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目 Project
支持服务 Support service	固碳量 Carbon sequestration	固碳量为项目区域地上、地下、土壤和死亡有机质的碳密度 Referring to the carbon density of aboveground, underground, soil, and dead organic matter in the project area	—	推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目 Project
供给服务 Supply service	经济作物产量 Cash crop production	结合当地农业统计数据、遥感测量和农民采访进行统计计算 Date are calculated by combining local agricultural statistics, remote sensing and farmer interviews	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目 Project
文化服务Cultural service	文化遗产价值 Cultural heritage value	保留当地民俗和历史文化建筑等, 具备人文历史环境。基于SolVES模型进行定量评估 Preserving local folk customs and historical and cultural buildings with cultural and historical environment. Quantitative evaluation is based on SolVES model	—	约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project / protection and restoration unit
	休闲游憩价值 Leisure and recreation value	提供娱乐、游憩的活动场所。基于SolVES模型进行定量评估 Places providing entertainment and recreation. Quantitative evaluation is based on SolVES model		约束性指标 Restrictive indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project / protection and restoration unit
	美学价值 Aesthetic value	景色具有吸引力。基于SolVES模型进行定量评估 Attractive scenery. Quantitative evaluation is based on SolVES model		推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project / protection and restoration unit
	康养价值 Health value	幽静自然的环境让人身心愉悦。基于SolVES模型进行定量评估 Quiet and natural environment makes people happy physically and mentally. Quantitative evaluation is based on SolVES model		推荐性指标 Recommended indicator	项目/保护修复单元 Project / protection and restoration unit
P_{i aver}为单项污染指数平均值; P_{i max}为最大单项污染指数; A_i为第i类生态系统的面积, hm²; R为降雨侵蚀力因子, MJ∙mm∙hm⁻²∙h⁻¹∙a⁻¹; K为土壤可蚀性因子, t∙hm²∙h∙hm⁻²∙MJ⁻¹∙mm⁻¹; L为坡长因子; S为坡度因子; C为植被覆盖因子; i为项目区第i类生态系统类型; n为项目区生态系统类型数; TQ为总水源涵养量, m³; P_i为降雨量, mm; R_i为地表径流量, mm; ET_i为蒸散发, mm; j为项目区域生态系统类型数; Q_sr为防风固沙指数; NDVI_m为评价全面m像元归一化植被指数(NDVI)的最大值, kg(C)·m⁻²; NPP_m为评价年全年m像元植被净初级生产力(NPP)的累积值, kg(C)·m⁻²; NPP_max为项目建设范围内最好气象条件下的NPP, kg(C)·m⁻²; NPP(x,t)为净初级生产力; APAR(x, t)为像元x在t月份吸收的光和有效辐射, MJ·m⁻²; ε(x, t)为像元x在t月份的实际光能利用率, g(C)·MJ⁻¹。P_{i aver} is the average value of a single pollution index; P_{i max} is the maximum single pollution index; A_i is the area of ecosystem type i, hm²; R is the rainfall erosivity factor, MJ∙mm∙hm⁻²∙h⁻¹∙a⁻¹; K is the soil erodibility factor, t∙hm²∙h∙hm⁻²∙MJ⁻¹∙mm⁻¹; L is the slope length factor; S is the slope factor; C is the vegetation coverage factor; i is ecosystem type in the project area; n is the number of ecosystem types in the project area; TQ is the total water source conservation amount, m³; P_i is the rainfall, mm; R_i is the surface runoff, mm; ET_i is evapotranspiration, mm; j is the number of ecosystem types in the project area; Q_sr is the windbreak and sand-fixing index; NDVI_m is the annual cumulative value of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of pixel m, kg(C)·m⁻²; NPP_m is the annual cumulative value of net primary productivity of vegetation (NPP) of pixel m, kg(C)·m⁻²; NPP_max is the NPP under the best meteorological conditions within the project construction scope, kg(C)·m⁻²; NPP(x,t) is net primary productivity; APAR(x, t) is the light and effective radiation absorbed by pixel x in month t, MJ·m⁻²; ε(x, t) is the actual light energy utilization rate of pixel x in month t , g(C)·MJ⁻¹.

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基于景观格局和生态系统服务的生态廊道修复成效评估指标体系

作者简介: 郭玉佳, 主要研究方向为景观生态学、环境影响评价与规划。E-mail: guoyujia@hbwe.edu.cn

通讯作者: 刘世梁, 主要研究方向为景观生态学、恢复生态学、环境影响评价与规划。E-mail: shiliangliu@bnu.edu.cn

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An indicator system for effectiveness evaluation of ecological corridor restoration based on landscape patterns and ecosystem services

Corresponding author: LIU Shiliang: E-mail: shiliangliu@bnu.edu.cn

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作者简介:
郭玉佳, 主要研究方向为景观生态学、环境影响评价与规划。E-mail: guoyujia@hbwe.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刘世梁, 主要研究方向为景观生态学、恢复生态学、环境影响评价与规划。E-mail: shiliangliu@bnu.edu.cn

Corresponding author:
LIU Shiliang: E-mail: shiliangliu@bnu.edu.cn