程佳欣, 孙业红, 常谕. 农业文化遗产地茶文化景观基因农户感知差异研究−以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(11): 1860−1872. DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230166
引用本文: 程佳欣, 孙业红, 常谕. 农业文化遗产地茶文化景观基因农户感知差异研究−以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例[J]. 中国生态农业学报 (中英文), 2023, 31(11): 1860−1872.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230166
CHENG J X, SUN Y H, CHANG Y. Differences in the perceptions of farmers in the tea culture landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites: a case study of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(11): 1860−1872. DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230166
Citation: CHENG J X, SUN Y H, CHANG Y. Differences in the perceptions of farmers in the tea culture landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites: a case study of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2023, 31(11): 1860−1872.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20230166

农业文化遗产地茶文化景观基因农户感知差异研究以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例

Differences in the perceptions of farmers in the tea culture landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites: a case study of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system

  • 摘要:农业文化遗产是一种活态遗产, 具有重要的社会价值、经济价值和生态价值, 文化景观特征鲜明, 识别其文化景观基因有着积极的意义。以景观基因理论和地方理论为基础, 以潮州单丛茶文化系统为例, 识别潮州单丛茶文化景观基因; 以农户为调研对象, 探讨茶文化景观基因与农户感知的内在联系, 挖掘不同生计类型农户对茶文化景观基因演变的感知差异。结果表明: 1)农户感知近十年茶园和村庄的生态环境、生活环境、茶种植工具和种植技术以及生活方式发生了显著的变化; 2)高山茶种植区的农户对山地、茶园、村庄的环境变化感知更为强烈, 低山茶种植区的农户对种植技术和知识的变化感知更为强烈; 3)生计策略为单一种茶的农户对“山地、台地面积变化”等指标的感知更强烈; 4)农户的茶叶总收入不同, 对茶文化景观生态基因感知也存在差异。可针对不同类型的农户提出增强其生计韧性的途径, 促进农户生态保护和遗产传承意识的提升, 为农业文化遗产地可持续发展提供思路。

    Abstract:Agricultural heritage is a living heritage with important social, economic, and ecological value, as well as distinctive cultural landscape features. Identifying the cultural landscape genes of agricultural heritage sites has positive significance. In existing researches related to landscape genes, most traditional settlements and historical architectural neighborhoods have been studied from the perspective of landscape genes. There have been very few analyses and research results on the landscape genetic characteristics of agricultural heritage sites. This study can fill the gaps in landscape genetic research on agricultural heritage sites in the domestic academic field, which is a complementary and helpful area of research on landscape genes and dynamic conservation of agricultural heritage. Based on landscape gene theory and local theory, the Chaozhoudancong Tea cultural system is considered an example to identify landscape genes, and farmers are used as research subjects to explore the intrinsic link between tea cultural landscape genes and farmers’ perceptions and to observe the effect of differences in the perceptions of different livelihood types of farmers on the evolution of tea cultural landscape genes. The three dimensions of ecological, production, and living genes constitute the landscape genes of the Chaozhoudancong Tea culture system. Combined with questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with local farmers, the data were analyzed using the related software SPSSAU (SPSS Online), and the local farmers’ perceptions of the changes in the landscape genes of the tea culture were obtained. The results indicate the following: 1) Farmers observed significant changes in the ecosystem, living environment, farming tools and techniques, and lifestyle of the tea plantations and villages in the last decade. 2) Farmers in high mountain tea-growing areas perceived environmental changes in the mountains, tea plantations, and villages more strongly, and farmers in low mountain tea-growing areas perceived changes in cultivation techniques and knowledge more strongly. 3) Farmers with different livelihood strategies showed significant differences in their perceptions of the landscape genes of tea culture, with tea farmers of a single livelihood perceiving indicators, such as “changes in the area of hills and terraces”, more strongly. 4) There were differences in the perception of landscape genes of the tea culture among farmers with different total tea revenues. Farmers in high-altitude tea areas, with single livelihood strategy and higher tea incomes, had a stronger perception of landscape genes changes in tea culture and a higher awareness of ecological conservation but a low degree of livelihood diversification, and they were exposed to higher shocks from market risks, natural disasters, and other external risks. Farmers in low mountain tea areas, with diverse livelihood strategies and lower tea incomes, had a poorer awareness of ecological conservation and weaker perception of landscape genes changes. However, ecosystems and land resources, such as natural capital, are important components of farmers’ livelihood capital, and ecological vulnerability can lead to the vulnerability of farmers’ livelihoods. Methods to enhance the resilience of the livelihoods of different types of farmers can be proposed for raising their awareness of ecological protection and heritage inheritance and providing ideas for the sustainable development of agricultural heritage sites.

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