Abstract: Biodiversity in rural landscapes plays a critical role in the vitalization and sustainable development of rural regions. We explored a set of methods for identifying biodiversity at different scales and uncovered the mechanisms that drive biodiversity in rural landscapes. We also formulated technical specifications for the maintenance of biodiversity from genes to ecosystems in rural landscapes. In addition, we developed a framework for biodiversity monitoring and warning systems in rural landscapes based on the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) conceptual mode. We developed a multiscale full-chain technology for biodiversity identification, maintenance, and warning in rural ecological landscapes. This study yielded powerful insights into the biodiversity maintenance mechanism in rural landscapes by integrating multidisciplinary research methods, such as literature research, field survey, and laboratory analysis, and filled the gap in biodiversity maintenance technology in rural ecological landscape construction. Our study plays a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of rural ecological construction models, planting design and configuration, and species selection for the construction of beautiful villages in China. Furthermore, this multiscale and full-chain technology developed for biodiversity identification, maintenance, and warning in rural ecological landscapes provides key technical support for the dynamic management of rural ecological resources and plays a fundamental role in rural revitalization and the construction of a beautiful China.