Distribution and influencing factors of plastic film residues in topsoil of farmland in Gansu Province
-
摘要:
甘肃是全国地膜用量、覆盖面积较大和覆盖时间较长的省份, 地膜覆盖种植产生的残留地膜是影响农业绿色可持续发展的一个突出问题。通过在甘肃全省主要覆膜农田布设960个监测样地, 结合样品采集与农户调查方式, 对0~30 cm耕层土壤地膜残留分布特征及影响因素进行调查, 评估农田地膜残留现状, 为防控治理提供工作参考。结果表明: 960个样地耕层土壤均有不同程度的地膜残留, 地膜残留量为0.02~204.75 kg·hm−2, 地膜残留量中位数为12.96 kg·hm−2。地膜残留量处于清洁阈值(<75 kg∙hm−2)、轻度污染阈值(75~120 kg∙hm−2)、中度污染阈值(120~270 kg∙hm−2)、重度污染阈值(>270 kg∙hm−2)的样地占比分别为97.6%、1.8%、0.6%、0, 轻度、中度污染阈值样地大多位于河西灌溉农业区, 而所有县域、市域、区域农田地膜残留量全部小于75 kg∙hm−2。地膜残留量受覆膜年限、种植作物类型、种植户类型、回收方式等因素影响: 覆膜年限11~20 a、>20 a地膜残留量显著高于6~10 a (P<0.05), 呈现出年限越长残留量越大的趋势; 制种作物地块地膜残留量最大、设施蔬菜地块地膜残留量最小, 前者达到后者的7倍左右, 制种作物、经济作物、玉米、马铃薯、露地蔬菜、中药材地块地膜残留量显著高于设施蔬菜(P<0.05); 合作社地块的地膜残留量显著高于一般农户(P<0.05), 约为一般农户的1.5倍; 农田残膜通过人工捡拾、人工捡拾+机械回收、机械回收3种方式进行离田回收, 并以人工捡拾为主, 但是人工+机械回收的地膜残留量显著高于人工回收(P<0.0001); 相对而言, 种植作物类型是造成研究区地膜残留量空间变化的主导因素。残膜由农户回收整理后通过商贩到田现场收购、网点组织统一回收或农户自行以旧换新3种方式转运到加工企业进行再生加工后全部得到资源化利用。调查表明, 甘肃农田耕层土壤地膜残留空间分布差异较大, 总体上处于较轻水平, 呈现出少数样地污染、面上整体清洁的特征。建议以减量、回收、替代并重思路为导向进一步做好地膜残留防控工作。本研究可为进一步完善甘肃地膜科学使用回收政策和机制提供数据支撑。
Abstract:The application of agricultural film mulching technology has greatly promoted the development of agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas. Gansu Province has a large amount film, large coverage area, and long coverage time for plastic film mulching on farmland. The residual plastic film produced by plastic film mulching is a prominent problem that affects the green and sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, the distribution and influencing factors of plastic film residue in the 0–30 cm soil of farmland were investigated by setting up 960 monitoring sample sites in the main areas with mulched farmland of Gansu Province, combined with sample collection and farmer survey methods. This study aimed to evaluate the current status of plastic film residue in farmlands and provide guidance for prevention and control measures of pollution of plastic film residues in Gansu Province. The results showed that the residual amount of plastic film was 0.02−204.75 kg·hm−2, and the median of plastic film residues was 12.96 kg·hm–2 in 960 sites. Most of the mild and moderate pollution sites were located in Hexi-irrigated agricultural areas. Among them, the proportion of plastic film residues was 97.6% at the clean threshold (less than 75 kg·hm−2), 1.8% at mild pollution threshold (75−120 kg·hm−2), 0.6% at moderate pollution threshold (120−270 kg·hm−2), and 0 at severe pollution threshold (higher than 270 kg·hm−2), respectively. The residual amount of plastic film was affected by the number of film mulching years, type of planting crops, type of planters, recycling methods, and other factors. The residual amount of plastic film with film mulching years of 11−20 years and >20 years was significantly higher than that with film mulching years of 6−10 years (P<0.05), and the longer the age, the greater the residue. The amount of residues of the seed crop site was the largest at nearly seven times that of the greenhouse vegetables site. Plastic film residues in the fields of seed crops, economic crops, maize, potato, outdoor vegetables, and Chinese herbal medicine were significantly higher than those in the fields of greenhouse vegetables (P<0.05). The residual amount of the cooperative field was 1.5 times that of the general farmers. The farmland residual film was recovered in three ways: manual picking up, manual picking up + mechanical recycling, and mechanical recycling. The amount of residual film in fields with the recovery method of manual picking up + mechanical recycling was significantly higher than that with manual picking up (P<0.0001). Type of planting crops was the dominant factor causing spatial changes in plastic film residues in the study area. After removal from the farmland, the residual film was regenerated and processed through merchants purchasing, networks recycling, or farmers’ exchanging. This survey of residual plastic films showed that the spatial distribution of plastic film residues in farmland soil was quite different in Gansu Province, and the residual plastic film in the topsoil of farmland was generally at a low level, showing the distribution of pollution at a few sites and overall cleanliness on the surface. Prevention and control of plastic film residues should be further carried out under the guidance of reduction, recovery, and substitution. This study provides data for further improvement of policies and mechanisms for the scientific use and recycling of plastic films in Gansu Province.
-
![]()
图 1 甘肃省农田地膜残留调查样地分布
Figure 1. Distribution of survey sampling sites for residual plastic film in farmland of Gansu Province
![]()
图 2 甘肃省农田地膜残留污染等级空间分布
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of residual pollution levels of plastic film in farmland of Gansu Province
![]()
图 3 甘肃省不同农业区域的农田地膜残留量
Figure 3. Amount of plastic film residues in farmland of different agricultural regions in Gansu Province
![]()
图 4 甘肃省农田不同覆膜年限对地膜残留量的影响
Figure 4. Effect of different mulching years on plastic film residues amount in farmland of Gansu Province
![]()
图 5 甘肃省农田不同作物类型对地膜残留量的影响
Figure 5. Effect of different types of planting crops on plastic film residues amount in farmland of Gansu Province
![]()
图 6 甘肃省农田不同种植户类型对地膜残留量的影响
Figure 6. Effect of different planter types on plastic film residues amount in farmland of Gansu Province
![]()
图 7 甘肃省农田不同回收方式对地膜残留量的影响
Figure 7. Effect of different recovery ways on plastic film residues amount in farmland of Gansu Province
![]()
图 8 甘肃省农田残膜处理去向
Figure 8. Treatment directions of farmland residual film in Gansu Province
表 1 地膜残留量空间差异影响因子及交互作用探测结果
Table 1 Factor and interaction detection results of spatial difference of plastic film residues amount
q(A) q(B) q(A∩B) 判据 Compare 解释 Explanation 覆膜年限=0.0160
Mulching year=0.0160种植作物类型=0.0221
Planting crop type=0.0221覆膜年限∩种植作物类型=0.0612
Mulching year∩planting crop type=0.0612q(A∩B)>q(A)+q(B) 非线性增强
Nonlinear enhancement覆膜年限=0.0160
Mulching year=0.0160种植户类型=0.0069
Planter type=0.0069覆膜年限∩种植户类型=0.0282
Mulching year∩planter type=0.0282覆膜年限=0.0160
Mulching year=0.0160回收方式=0.0215
Recovery way=0.0215覆膜年限∩回收方式=0.0499
Mulching year∩recovery way=0.0499种植作物类型=0.0221
Planting crop type=0.0221种植户类型=0.0069
Planter type=0.0069种植作物类型∩种植户类型=0.0511
Planting crop type∩Planter type=0.0511种植作物类型=0.0221
Planting crop type=0.0221回收方式=0.0215
Recovery way=0.0215种植作物类型∩回收方式=0.0774
Planting crop type∩recovery way=0.0774种植户类型=0.0069
Planter type=0.0069回收方式=0.0215
Recovery way=0.0215种植户类型∩回收方式=0.0458
Planter type∩recovery way=0.0458q(A)、q(B)指不同影响因子的q值, q(A∩B)指两影响因子交互作用的q值。The q(A) and q(B) refer to the q values of different influencing factors, q(A∩B) refers to the q value of the interaction between different influencing factors. 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 严昌荣, 何文清, 刘爽. 中国地膜覆盖及残留污染防控[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2015: 43–52 YAN C R, HE W Q, LIU S. Application of Mulch Films and Prevention of Its Residual Pollution in China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2015: 43–52
[2] 何文清, 严昌荣, 赵彩霞, 等. 我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28(3): 533−538 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2009.03.021 HE W Q, YAN C R, ZHAO C X, et al. Study on the pollution by plastic mulch film and its countermeasures in China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2009, 28(3): 533−538 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2009.03.021
[3] 张金瑞, 任思洋, 戴吉照, 等. 地膜对农业生产的影响及其污染控制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(20): 3983−3996 ZHANG J R, REN S Y, DAI J Z, et al. Influence of plastic film on agricultural production and its pollution control[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(20): 3983−3996
[4] 王敬国. 农用化学物质的利用与污染控制[M]. 北京: 北京出版社, 2001 WANG J G. Utilization and Pollution Control of Agricultural Chemicals[M]. Beijing: Beijing Publishing House Group, 2001
[5] 孙多鑫, 李福. 甘肃省地膜覆盖栽培技术发展探讨[J]. 中国农技推广, 2011, 27(7): 19−21 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-381X.2011.07.011 SUN D X, LI F. Discussion on the development of plastic film mulching cultivation techniques in Gansu Province[J]. China Agricultural Technology Extension, 2011, 27(7): 19−21 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-381X.2011.07.011
[6] 邹小阳, 牛文全, 刘晶晶, 等. 残膜对土壤和作物的潜在风险研究进展[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2017, 36(7): 47−54 ZOU X Y, NIU W Q, LIU J J, et al. Potential risks of plastic film residuals on soils and crops: a review[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2017, 36(7): 47−54
[7] 刘建水, 王莉, 杨洁梅, 等. 除农田“白色”污染 迎农业“绿色”时代−甘肃省农膜回收情况调查[J]. 农村工作通讯, 2017(22): 37−40 LIU J S, WANG L, YANG J M, et al. Eliminating the “white” pollution of farmland and facing the “green” era of agriculture —Investigation on agricultural film recycling in Gansu Province[J]. Rural Work Communication, 2017(22): 37−40
[8] 马翠玲, 吴川会. 转变农业发展方式 提高农膜回收利用率的甘肃实践[J]. 再生资源与循环经济, 2018, 11(5): 13−16 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0912.2018.05.005 MA C L, WU C H. Changing the agricultural development mode and improve the recycling efficiency of agricultural film in Gansu[J]. Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy, 2018, 11(5): 13−16 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-0912.2018.05.005
[9] 哈斯图亚, 陈仲新. 农田覆膜效益、环境影响与监测研究进展分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2017, 38(4): 1−8, 16 doi: 10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20170401 HASITUYA, CHEN Z X. Effects of plastic-mulching on agricultural production and environmental protection[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2017, 38(4): 1−8, 16 doi: 10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20170401
[10] 马彦, 杨虎德. 甘肃省农田地膜污染及防控措施调查[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2015, 31(4): 478−483 MA Y, YANG H D. Investigation on pollution caused by mulching plastic film in Gansu Province and the countermeasures[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2015, 31(4): 478−483
[11] 杜泽玉, 孙多鑫, 杨荣, 等. 张掖绿洲农田地膜残留量分布特征及影响因素[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2020, 39(12): 2789−2797 doi: 10.11654/jaes.2020-0690 DU Z Y, SUN D X, YANG R, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of plastic film residue in Zhangye Oasis[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2020, 39(12): 2789−2797 doi: 10.11654/jaes.2020-0690
[12] 侯康锋, 王宁. 庆阳市农田废旧地膜残留监测研究[J]. 农业与技术, 2020, 40(9): 115−118 HOU K F, WANG N. Study on monitoring of waste plastic film residue in farmland in Qingyang City[J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2020, 40(9): 115−118
[13] 张光全, 张海强, 王平生, 等. 榆中县农田地膜残留现状调查[J]. 甘肃农业科技, 2020(6): 39−43 ZHANG G Q, ZHANG H Q, WANG P S, et al. Investigation on present situation of farmland plastic film residues in Yuzhong County[J]. Gansu Agricultural Science and Technology, 2020(6): 39−43
[14] 凡炳文, 陈文. 甘肃省水资源及其演变趋势分析[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2006, 17(4): 78−82 FAN B W, CHEN W. Analysis on water resources evolution trend in Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 2006, 17(4): 78−82
[15] 卓玛草, 袁建钰, 韩博, 等. 气候变化对甘肃省雨养农业区玉米种植区划的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(2): 211−219 ZHUO M C, YUAN J Y, HAN B, et al. Impact of climate change on maize-planting zoning in rainfed agricultural area of Gansu Province[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2021, 39(2): 211−219
[16] 王劲峰, 徐成东. 地理探测器: 原理与展望[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1): 116−134 WANG J F, XU C D. Geodetector: principle and prospective[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 116−134
[17] 牛瑞坤, 王旭峰, 胡灿, 等. 新疆阿克苏地区棉田残膜污染现状分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2016, 53(2): 283−288 NIU R K, WANG X F, HU C, et al. Analysis of the current situations of plastic films residue pollution of cotton field in Xinjiang Aksu area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 53(2): 283−288
[18] 尹少媛, 赵宝平, 米俊珍, 等. 内蒙古农田耕层土壤地膜残留现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2022, 41(9): 1985−1992 YIN S Y, ZHAO B P, MI J Z, et al. Current scenario and future trends of plastic film residue in farmland topsoil in Inner Mongolia, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2022, 41(9): 1985−1992
[19] 李亮亮, 代良羽, 高维常, 等. 贵州省典型覆膜耕地残膜赋存特征及影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(11): 2189−2197 LI L L, DAI L Y, GAO W C, et al. The occurrence characteristics and influencing factors of residual mulching film of typical farmland with plastic film in Guizhou Province[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2022, 31(11): 2189−2197
[20] 张丹, 胡万里, 刘宏斌, 等. 华北地区地膜残留及典型覆膜作物残膜系数[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(3): 1−5 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.03.001 ZHANG D, HU W L, LIU H B, et al. Characteristics of residual mulching film and residual coefficient of typical crops in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(3): 1−5 doi: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.03.001
[21] 王学霞, 宋宁宁, 薛颖昊, 等. 山东省花生种植区耕层土壤残膜赋存特征[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2021, 40(8): 1729−1737 WANG X X, SONG N N, XUE Y H, et al. Occurrence characteristics of residual film in cultivated soil of peanut planting area in Shandong Province, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2021, 40(8): 1729−1737
[22] 郭战玲, 张薪, 寇长林, 等. 河南省典型覆膜作物地膜残留状况及其影响因素研究[J]. 河南农业科学, 2016, 45(12): 58−61, 71 GUO Z L, ZHANG X, KOU C L, et al. Status and influencing factors of residual mulching film of typical crops mulched with plastic film in Henan Province[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 45(12): 58−61, 71
[23] 黄晶晶, 庞良玉, 罗春燕, 等. 四川攀西地区地膜残留量及影响因素[J]. 西南农业学报, 2012, 25(6): 2203−2206 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2012.06.049 HUANG J J, PANG L Y, LUO C Y, et al. Amount of plastic film residues and influence factors in Panxi District of Sichuan Province[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 25(6): 2203−2206 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4829.2012.06.049
[24] 董爱琴, 刘晖, 俞莹, 等. 江西省农田地膜残留状况研究−基于典型地块样方调查数据[J]. 江西农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 128−135 DONG A Q, LIU H, YU Y, et al. Study on residual condition of farmland plastic film in Jiangxi Province based on survey data of typical plots[J]. Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2022, 34(12): 128−135
[25] 包明哲, 红梅, 赵巴音那木拉, 等. 内蒙古河套灌区农田地膜残留量分布特征及影响因素[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2023, 40(1): 45−54 BAO M Z, HONG M, ZHAO B Y N M L, et al. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors concerning residual quantity of agricultural mulch film in Hetao irrigation area, Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2023, 40(1): 45−54
[26] 陈荣龙, 陈延华, 黄珊, 等. 陕西关中农田土壤中塑料碎片和微塑料残留及其累积特征研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2022, 30(10): 1649−1658 CHEN R L, CHEN Y H, HUANG S, et al. Residues and accumulation characteristics of plastic fragments and microplastics in farmland soil of Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(10): 1649−1658
[27] 谢文宝, 刘国勇. 农地流转背景下新疆农户残膜回收机械化技术采纳分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2021, 42(4): 90−98 XIE W B, LIU G Y. Study on farmers’ technology adoption of mechanical residual film recycling under farmland circulation in Xinjiang[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2021, 42(4): 90−98
[28] 王太祥, 王腾, 张朝辉. 影响农田残膜回收体系建设的关键因素识别研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019, 40(1): 60−67 WANG T X, WANG T, ZHANG Z H. Study on identifying critical factors affecting the construction of residual film recycling system in farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2019, 40(1): 60−67
[29] 赵记军, 唐继荣, 李崇霄, 等. 甘肃省地膜回收利用机制新探索[J]. 天津农业科学, 2019, 25(11): 80−83 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.11.017 ZHAO J J, TANG J R, LI C X, et al. Exploring and establishing mechanisms of plastic film recovery in Gansu Province[J]. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 25(11): 80−83 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.11.017
[30] 赵记军, 唐继荣, 李崇霄, 等. 废旧地膜回收与综合利用典型模式及发展建议[J]. 现代农业科技, 2018(4): 155−156, 159 ZHAO J J, TANG J R, LI C X, et al. Typical modes and development suggestions for waste plastic film recycling and comprehensive utilization[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018(4): 155−156, 159
[31] 严昌荣, 戚瑞敏, 薛颖昊, 等. 甘肃省中东部农户地膜应用及回收现状[J]. 农业工程学报, 2019, 35(15): 211−216 YAN C R, QI R M, XUE Y H, et al. Application and recovery of plastic mulching film by farmers in central and eastern Gansu Province[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2019, 35(15): 211−216
[32] 刘帅, 沈兴兴, 张震, 等. 基于成本效益分析的地膜回收政策研究−以甘肃省景泰县为例[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2018, 39(3): 148−154 LIU S, SHEN X X, ZHANG Z, et al. Study on plastic film recycling policy based on cost-benefit analysis — A case study of Jingtai County in Gansu Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2018, 39(3): 148−154
[33] 靳拓, 薛颖昊, 张明明, 等. 国内外农用地膜使用政策、执行标准与回收状况[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(2): 411−420 JIN T, XUE Y H, ZHANG M M, et al. Research advances in regulations, standards and recovery of mulch film[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 29(2): 411−420
[34] 龙昭宇, 杨紫洪, 张康洁, 等. 中国地膜污染防控政策结构与演进−基于1990—2020年政策文本的量化分析[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2022, 43(1): 141−152 LONG Z Y, YANG Z H, ZHANG K J, et al. The structure and evolution of China’s plastic film pollution prevention and control policies — Quantitative analysis based on policy texts from 1990 to 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2022, 43(1): 141−152
[35] 薛颖昊, 孙占祥, 居学海, 等. 可降解农用地膜的材料研究与应用现状[J]. 中国塑料, 2020, 34(5): 87−96 XUE Y H, SUN Z X, JU X H, et al. Current status of research and applications of degradable materials for agricultural soil films[J]. China Plastics, 2020, 34(5): 87−96
[36] 赵记军, 于显枫, 张绪成. 地膜源头减量化技术可行路径探讨[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(9): 57−63 ZHAO J J, YU X F, ZHANG X C. The plastic film source reduction technology: feasible path discussion[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(9): 57−63
[37] 高海河, 刘宏金, 高维常, 等. 作物地膜覆盖技术适宜性及其在东北春玉米上的应用[J]. 农业工程学报, 2021, 37(22): 95−107 GAO H H, LIU H J, GAO W C, et al. The suitability of crop plastic film mulching technology and its application on spring maize in Northeast China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 37(22): 95−107
[38] 蒋德莉, 陈学庚, 颜利民, 等. 农田残膜资源化利用技术与装备研究[J]. 中国农机化学报, 2020, 41(1): 179–190 JIANG D L, CHEN X G, YAN L M, et al. Research on technology and equipment for utilization of residual film in farmland[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 2020, 41(1): 179–190
[39] 严昌荣, 何文清, 薛颖昊, 等. 生物降解地膜应用与地膜残留污染防控[J]. 生物工程学报, 2016, 32(6): 748−760 YAN C R, HE W Q, XUE Y H, et al. Application of biodegradable plastic film to reduce plastic film residual pollution in Chinese agriculture[J]. Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, 2016, 32(6): 748−760
[40] 许咏梅, 房世杰, 马晓鹏, 等. 农用地膜污染防治战略研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2018, 20(5): 96−102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.015 XU Y M, FANG S J, MA X P, et al. Prevention and control strategy for the pollution of agricultural plastic film[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2018, 20(5): 96−102 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.05.015
[41] 严昌荣, 刘勤, 何文清, 等. 我国农田地膜残留污染的解决之道在哪儿[J]. 中国农业综合开发, 2021(10): 18−21 YAN C R, LIU Q, HE W Q, et al. Where is the solution to the residual pollution of farmland plastic film in China?[J]. Agricultural Comprehensive Development in China, 2021(10): 18−21
计量
- 文章访问数: 238
- HTML全文浏览量: 118
- PDF下载量: 97
