蔡立群, 牛怡, 罗珠珠, 武均, 岳丹, 周欢, 董博, 张仁陟. 秸秆促腐还田土壤养分及微生物量的动态变化[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2014, 22(9): 1047-1056. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.140194
引用本文: 蔡立群, 牛怡, 罗珠珠, 武均, 岳丹, 周欢, 董博, 张仁陟. 秸秆促腐还田土壤养分及微生物量的动态变化[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2014, 22(9): 1047-1056. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.140194
CAI Liqun, NIU Yi, LUO Zhuzhu, WU Jun, YUE Dan, ZHOU Huan, DONG Bo, ZHANG Renzhi. Dynamic characteristics of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass of field-returned straws at different decay accretion conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014, 22(9): 1047-1056. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.140194
Citation: CAI Liqun, NIU Yi, LUO Zhuzhu, WU Jun, YUE Dan, ZHOU Huan, DONG Bo, ZHANG Renzhi. Dynamic characteristics of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass of field-returned straws at different decay accretion conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014, 22(9): 1047-1056. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.140194

秸秆促腐还田土壤养分及微生物量的动态变化

Dynamic characteristics of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass of field-returned straws at different decay accretion conditions

  • 摘要: 采用盆钵培养法, 通过模拟旱作覆膜条件下秸秆还田, 研究了添加不同腐解剂(多个好氧性菌种复合培养而成的F1、富含分解纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和其他生物有机物质的微生物菌群F2、由芽孢杆菌、丝状真菌、放线苗和酵母菌组成的F3)后, 小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆在120 d的腐解过程中, 土壤养分及土壤微生物量的动态变化特征。结果表明: 小麦、玉米秸秆经过120 d的腐解, 各处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、全氮的增加速率一致表现为先增加后减小, 土壤磷素、钾素的增加速率总体则呈现增 减 增 减的趋势; 整个试验阶段小麦秸秆各处理土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)含量表现为先增后减。玉米秸秆土壤SMBC的变化与小麦秸秆差异较大, 呈现波浪式变化; 玉米秸秆土壤微生物量氮(SMBN)变化在100 d后则与小麦截然不同。秸秆添加腐解剂还田土壤养分增加速率和土壤微生物量碳氮含量均大于秸秆直接还田(对照), 培肥土壤效果明显, 能够有效增加土壤微生物量碳氮含量。小麦、玉米秸秆添加腐解剂F3的处理各养分含量高于其他处理, 即内含具特殊功能的芽孢杆菌、丝状真菌、放线菌和酵母菌的秸秆腐解剂F3增加土壤养分的效果最好; 相同腐解剂下不同种类秸秆处理的土壤养分含量表现为: F1, 小麦>玉米; F2, 小麦≥玉米; F3, 小麦<玉米, 即F1对小麦秸秆促腐优势最大, F3对玉米秸秆的促腐作用优于F1和F2, F2对小麦、玉米秸秆的促腐效果基本相似。不同腐解剂下, 小麦秸秆处理SMBC、SMBN含量表现为F2>F3>F1; 玉米秸秆处理SMBC含量F2>F3≈F1, SMBN为F3>F2≈F1。玉米秸秆各处理的SMBC均大于小麦秸秆, SMBN则均小于后者, 与秸秆C/N的趋势一致, 即C/N越大, SMBC值越大, SMBN值越小。

     

    Abstract: This paper used basin pot culture with plastic film method to study the dynamic characteristics of soil nutrients and soil microbial biomass during 120 d decomposition of different proportions of wheat and corn straws with different decomposing agents (F1: organic waste fermentation bacteria; F2: microbial agent; F3: "Manyuanchun" bio-fermentation). The results showed that during 120 d composition of wheat and corn straws, the increasing rates of soil organic matter, available nitrogen and total nitrogen in each treatment was rapid at the early stage and slow at the latter stage. The changes of increasing rates of soil phosphorus and potassium followed rapid-slow-rapid-slow trend. Throughout the trial stage, the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) content of wheat treatments were increased first and then decreased. However, soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) content showed an alternating changing trend. Change in SMBC content of corn straw treatments was quite different from that of wheat treatments after 100 d composition. Treatments with decomposing agents improved soil nutrients, SMBC and SMBN contents, showed significant effects on soil fertility improvement. Among three decomposing agents, F3 (containing bacillus, filamentous fungi, actinomycetes and yeasts with special features) was the best in enhancing soil nutrients contents. The performance of different straw decomposing agents for wheat and corn straws were wheat > corn for F1, wheat ≥ corn for F2 and wheat < corn for F3. Therefore, F1 (training by multiple aerobic complex strains with a strong ability to decompose the cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and other organic ingredients of organic waste) and F3 most promoted wheat and corn straw decomposition, respectively. F2 (rich in microbial flora which decomposes cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and other bio-organic substances) equally promoted wheat and corn straw decomposition. For different decomposing agents, the order of SMBC and SMBN contents in wheat treatments was F2 > F3 > F1. The orders SMBC and SMBN in corn treatments were F2 > F3 ≈ F1 and F3 > F2 ≈ F1. SMBC in each corn straw treatment was greater than that in wheat straw treatments, for SMBN it was inverse. This was consistent with the amount of C/N ratio of the straws, the greater the C/N ratio the greater the SMBC content and the smaller the SMBN content.

     

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