闫加力, 李懋, 熊双莲, 涂书新. 旱改水对水稻幼苗生长的影响及秸秆的改良作用[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2015, 23(5): 554-562. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.141041
引用本文: 闫加力, 李懋, 熊双莲, 涂书新. 旱改水对水稻幼苗生长的影响及秸秆的改良作用[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2015, 23(5): 554-562. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.141041
YAN Jiali, LI Mao, XIONG Shuanglian, TU Shuxin. Effect of reclaiming cotton field into paddy and straw application on rice seedling growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(5): 554-562. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.141041
Citation: YAN Jiali, LI Mao, XIONG Shuanglian, TU Shuxin. Effect of reclaiming cotton field into paddy and straw application on rice seedling growth[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(5): 554-562. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.141041

旱改水对水稻幼苗生长的影响及秸秆的改良作用

Effect of reclaiming cotton field into paddy and straw application on rice seedling growth

  • 摘要: 本研究以江汉平原旱改水为研究背景, 采用土壤盆栽试验和室内淹水培养相结合的方法, 以多年水稻土为对照, 研究了多年棉田土旱改水及添加秸秆(9 g·kg-1)对水稻幼苗生长和矿质元素吸收的影响以及土壤氧化还原电位和有效态铁、锰、铜、锌含量变化, 为旱改水水稻的种植提供参考。结果表明, 棉田土旱改水后, 水稻幼苗生长缓慢并出现失绿黄化症状, 其地上部干重和叶绿素含量仅分别约为水稻土处理的30%和20%。旱改水处理水稻植株Fe含量显著低于、而Cu和Zn含量则显著高于水稻土处理。棉田土旱改水土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)显著高于水稻土; 淹水处理10 d, 土壤DTPA-Fe含量仅为水稻土的7%左右, 而DTPA-Cu和DTPA-Zn含量则分别是水稻土的1.4~2.5倍和1.6~1.8倍。随着淹水时间的延长,棉田土旱改水土壤有效态铁含量逐渐增加, 有效态锰、铜和锌含量呈先升高后降低趋势;到淹水处理的第28 d,棉田土旱改水土壤有效态铁、锰、铜和锌含量与水稻土之间的差异逐渐缩小。Fe不足及Cu过量可能是导致旱改水水稻幼苗生长缓慢、失绿黄化的主要原因。旱改水条件下添加秸秆可以降低土壤的Eh值, 提高土壤DTPA-Fe含量及降低土壤DTPA-Cu和DTPA-Zn含量, 显著提高旱改水初期水稻幼苗叶绿素含量, 但对水稻生物量无显著影响。添加秸秆并不能完全消除旱改水对水稻幼苗生长的抑制作用。

     

    Abstract: In recent years, panicle deformity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) characterized by blank florets/spikelets and distorted lemma and palea has caused significant yield loss of rice grown in uplands reclaimed into paddy lands in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Up to now, it remains unclear why rice panicle deformity is prevalent in reclaimed paddy lands from uplands. However, studies have shown that panicle deformity is largely related with soil characteristics. Using old paddy field as control, a pot soil experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of old cotton fields reclaimed into paddy fields and rice straw application on the growth of rice seedlings. The study also analyzed rice mineral elements uptake, soil Eh, and soil available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents. Soil waterlogged incubation test was adopted to study the effects of straw application on dynamic changes of DTPA-Fe, DTPA-Mn, DTPA-Cu and DTPA-Zn contents in the old paddy fields and paddy fields from cotton field. The results showed that rice seedlings in cotton fields reclaimed into paddy fields growth poorly and had symptoms of chlorosis, with dry weight and chlorophyll content of respectively 30% and 20% those of rice seedlings in old paddy fields. While Fe content was significantly lower, Cu and Zn contents were markedly higher in rice plants in cotton fields than in old paddy fields. Eh was significantly higher in soil of cotton field reclaimed into paddy than in old paddy soils. In the pot experiment, when submerged under water for 10 days, DTPA-Cu and DTPA-Zn contents in upland soils were respectively by 1.4-2.5 times and 1.6-1.8 times of those in old paddy soils while DTPA-Fe content was only 7% of that in old paddy soils. With prolonged inundation, DTPA-Fe content in cotton field soils gradually increased while DTPA-Mn, DTPA-Cu and DTPA-Zn contents initially increased and then decreased. Incubation test results showed that after submergence for 28 days, the differences in soil DTPA-Fe, DTPA-Mn, DTPA-Cu and DTPA-Zn between upland soils and old paddy soils diminished. Straw application of upland soils reclaimed into paddy soils reduced soil Eh and soil DTPA-Cu and DTPA-Zn contents but increased soil DTPA-Fe content. This resulted in a significant increase in chlorophyll content of rice seedlings. In conclusion, it was better to sow rice seeds or transplant rice seedlings after one month of flooding old cotton fields reclaimed into paddy fields. This prevented imbalance in soil trace elements that in turn inhibited rice growth. Straw application partly but not completely eliminated inhibiting effects on rice seedlings growth of reclamation of cotton field into paddy.

     

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