稻壳基生物炭对生菜Cd吸收及土壤养分的影响
Effect of rice husk biochar on lettuce Cd uptake and soil fertility
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摘要: 探讨稻壳基生物炭对Cd污染土壤上叶菜吸收Cd和土壤Cd形态的影响作用, 明确稻壳基生物炭对土壤Cd污染的调控效应, 可为合理利用稻壳基生物炭降低叶菜Cd含量提供参考。采用盆栽试验, 研究了稻壳基生物炭在不同用量水平下对2茬生菜地上部Cd含量、土壤养分含量及Cd赋存形态的影响。结果表明, 在5~25 g kg-1用量范围内, 稻壳基生物炭显著降低了2茬生菜地上部和根系Cd含量, 且在最大用量25 g kg-1时效果最好, 地上部Cd含量分别比未施稻壳基生物炭的对照处理降低了19.6%和45.8%, 根系Cd含量分别降低了36.8%和28.0%。在25 g kg-1用量水平下, 稻壳基生物炭对土壤pH、有效磷、速效钾及有机质含量提升效果明显, 但显著降低了土壤碱解氮含量。施加稻壳基生物炭对土壤有效态Cd含量及Cd化学形态也有不同影响。随着稻壳基生物炭用量的增加, 土壤NH4OAc提取态Cd含量和弱酸提取态Cd含量显著降低, 在用量为25 g kg-1时, 分别比对照降低17.9%和10.4%, 可还原态Cd含量无显著变化, 可氧化态Cd含量呈减低趋势, 残渣态Cd含量增加17.6%。因此推测, 提升土壤pH、降低土壤有效态Cd含量、增加残渣态Cd含量可能是稻壳基生物炭降低生菜体内Cd含量的主要原因。稻壳基生物炭可以作为土壤改良剂, 抑制Cd污染土壤上叶菜对Cd的吸收, 改善土壤养分状况。Abstract: Biochar application has become a promising technology for remediation of soil heavy metal pollution due to potential beneficial effects on contaminated soils. Previous studies have largely dealt with the properties of biochar, the improvement of soil fertility as well as the process of remediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Rice husk biochar has also been reported to be used in the solidification of Cd and Pb in solid wastes and the adsorption of Cd in waste waters. However, little has been documented on the changes in forms of soil Cd, Cd content in vegetables and soil nutrient availability after the application of rice husk biochar in Cd contaminated soil. Thus two successive lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) crops were planted in a pot experiment with Cd of 4.564 mg(CdSO4)·kg -1(air-dried soil) to explore the effects of different doses of rice husk biochar on lettuce shoot and root Cd concentration, soil nutrient and Cd forms. Biochar dosage levels used in the study were 5 g kg-1, 10 g kg-1, 15 g kg-1, 20 g kg-1 and 25 g kg-1, with none application of rice husk biochar as the control. The results showed that compared with the control, rice husk biochar reduced Cd concentration in the shoots and roots of the two lettuce crops. 25 g kg 1 rice husk biochar showed the best effects, respectively decreased Cd concentration by 19.6% and 45.8% in shoots, and by 36.8% and 28.0% in roots, for two crops. At this dose, soil pH and soil available P, available K and organic matter contents increased by a maximum of 4.0%, 19.6%, 44.0% and 48.5%, respectively. Also soil alkali-hydrolyzable N content significantly decreased by 19.7%. Rice husk biochar also changed the forms and availability of soil Cd. With increasing dose of rice husk biochar, the concentrations of ammonium acetate extractable Cd and weak acid soluble Cd in the soil decreased by 17.9% and 10.4%, while oxidisable Cd concentration decreased with a residual Cd concentration increase of 17.6%. It was apparent that enhancement of soil pH, reduction of soil available Cd content and increase in residual Cd content were the main processes by which rice husk biochar reduced Cd content in lettuce. Therefore rice husk biochar could be used as an effective element for soil amendment that inhibit Cd uptake by vegetables in Cd contaminated soil.