Abstract: After slash and burn, small subsistence agriculture and then industrial agriculture, agriculture is now entering an ecological stage. The turning point of agro-ecological transition in different countries has often occurred at the period when per capita average GDP range reached 10 thousand to 30 thousand USD. Diversified tactics, routes and terms have been chosen by different countries for agro-ecological transition according to their specific social backgrounds, which was worthy of studying and learning in China. The level of social economic development in China is approaching or reaching the turning point for agro-ecological transition. The central government has proposed a series of important policies that redefined development goal, renewed guiding principles, redesigned development patterns and proposed new technical and management measures for agriculture since 2015. Eco-agriculture has been widely accepted by the public in China today. It was therefore important to clarify the concept of eco-agriculture in relation to other concepts for a unified effort toward agro-ecological transformation. After analysis of the advantages and challenges faced by China, the strategy and tactic for agro-ecological transition in China were proposed in this study.