严田蓉, 李旭毅, 李娜, 蒋明金, 杨志远, 何艳, 王春雨, 王海月, 马均. 氮肥运筹与栽植方式对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2017, 25(10): 1485-1494. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170337
引用本文: 严田蓉, 李旭毅, 李娜, 蒋明金, 杨志远, 何艳, 王春雨, 王海月, 马均. 氮肥运筹与栽植方式对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报(中英文), 2017, 25(10): 1485-1494. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170337
YAN Tianrong, LI Xuyi, LI Na, JIANG Mingjin, YANG Zhiyuan, HE Yan, WANG Chunyu, WANG Haiyue, MA Jun. Effect of nitrogen management and cultivation method on grain-filling characteristics and grain yield of indica hybrid rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(10): 1485-1494. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170337
Citation: YAN Tianrong, LI Xuyi, LI Na, JIANG Mingjin, YANG Zhiyuan, HE Yan, WANG Chunyu, WANG Haiyue, MA Jun. Effect of nitrogen management and cultivation method on grain-filling characteristics and grain yield of indica hybrid rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(10): 1485-1494. DOI: 10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.170337

氮肥运筹与栽植方式对杂交籼稻籽粒灌浆及产量的影响

Effect of nitrogen management and cultivation method on grain-filling characteristics and grain yield of indica hybrid rice

  • 摘要: 以杂交籼稻‘Ⅱ优498’为材料,在光温条件差异较大的四川省汉源和温江两地研究氮肥运筹方式(基蘖肥与穗肥配比分别为9:1(N1)、7:3(N2)和5:5(N3)与栽植方式宽窄行栽培(C1)、三角形栽培(C2)、扩行减株栽培(C3)、抛秧栽培(C4)对水稻库容量、籽粒灌浆充实及产量的影响,探明光温特性、养分调控和栽植方式与水稻籽粒灌浆及产量形成的关系。结果表明:1)光温优越的汉源地区水稻籽粒库容量、充实度、结实率和千粒重均优于温江,籽粒的最初生长势较低,达到灌浆峰值的日期推迟,前、中期的灌浆强度较高,历时久,生长量占比亦较大,且灌浆活跃期较长,更易获得高产;2)随着氮肥后移程度的增加,水稻最大库容量呈减小趋势,但籽粒的充实率、充实指数、库有效充实度、结实率和千粒重等均呈增加趋势,籽粒最初生长势降低,最大灌浆速率(Gmax)和平均灌浆速率(Gmean)提高,达到灌浆峰值的日期推迟、生长量占比增加,灌浆历时缩短,总体以氮肥适度后移(N2)处理产量更高;3)不同栽植方式在结实率和千粒重上的差异较小,而在生物产量、最大库容量、灌浆特征参数和充实指标上存在较大差异,各栽植方式在获得高产时存在相似的灌浆特性,即库容量较大,籽粒最初生长势较低,达到灌浆峰值的日期延迟、生长量占比较大,GmaxGmean较高,宽窄行栽培、三角形栽培、扩行减株栽培和抛秧栽培分别在N1、N1、N2和N3条件下获得高产,其中三角形栽培产量最优;4)相关分析表明,随着最大库容量的增大,籽粒的最初生长势降低,灌浆峰值期延后,前、中期的灌浆历时与灌浆强度增加,达灌浆峰值期的生长量比例亦增加,且在前、中期的灌浆强度和前期的灌浆贡献率优势显著时更易获得高产。因此,提高水稻产量应结合当地的生态条件并针对不同的栽植方式采取相应的氮肥运筹措施。

     

    Abstract: The effects of nitrogen managementratios of transplant-tiller to panicle of N-fertilizer were 9:1 (N1), 7:3 (N2) and 5:5 (N3) and cultivation method (C1, wide and narrow row cultivation; C2, triangular cultivation; C3, wide row and narrow space cultivation; and C4, seedling-throwing cultivation) on sink potential, grain-filling properties and grain yield were studied in two widely variable ecological conditions (Wenjiang and Hanyuan in Sichuan Province) using indica hybrid rice 'Ⅱ-you-498'. The aim of the study was to clarify the correlation among ecological conditions, nitrogen management and cultivation method with grain-filling properties and grain yield formation. The results were as follows:1) Grain sink potential, grain plumpness, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight in Hanyuan were better than those in Wenjiang. Furthermore, it was easy to have high yield with low initial growth vigor due to delayed date for peak grain-filling rate, high grain-filling rate and long grain-filling duration at early and middle stages and long active grain-filling period in Hanyuan. 2) With increasing nitrogen application ratio at the late stage, the maximum sink potential decreased while grain-filling indexes, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight increased. The initial growth vigor reduced at grain-filling, and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates (Gmax and Gmean) increased. Also, the time to reach peak grain-filling delayed with higher proportion of growth while the duration of grain-filling shortened. The highest yield was under N2. 3) There were little differences in seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight but significant differences in biomass yield, sink potential and grain-filling characteristics among different cultivation methods. For the highest yield performance under different cultivation methods, there were similar grain-filling characteristics, such as larger sink potential, lower initial growth vigor at grain-filling, delayed time to reach maximum grain-filling and higher Gmax and Gmean. The wide and narrow row cultivation, triangule cultivation, wide row and narrow space cultivation and seedling-throwing cultivation had the highest yield when the ratio of transplant-tiller and panicle N-fertilizer was 9:1, 9:1, 7:3 and 5:5, respectively. Triangular cultivation had the highest yield among the four cultivation methods. 4) Correlation analysis showed that with increasing maximum sink potential, initial growth vigor at grain-filling and delayed time to reach maximum grain-filling rate decrease. The high grain yield obtained was attributed to increasing duration of grain-filling, grain-filling rate and growth increment, especially in the early and middle stages. Thus any further improvement in rice yield depended on local ecological conditions and cultivation methods, combined with optimized nitrogen management.

     

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