Identification of key factors of cooperative governance for village environment based on rural revitalization strategy
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摘要: 农村环境治理体系创新和治理路径有效是党的十九大全面部署实施乡村振兴重大战略中核心问题之一。现有关于农村环境问题研究大多是对乡村环境治理模式及多元治理模式中社会资本因素探讨，缺乏多元治理模式中环境治理失灵的实证研究。本研究首先基于利益相关理论，从政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等不同主体的利益诉求和行为导向定性分析了农村环境目前现实困境，调研梳理出农村环境协同治理的影响因素指标体系；其次为降低决策试验与实验室评估法（DEMATEL）模型中专家打分建立关联矩阵的主观性，引入灰数理论，基于Grey-DEMATEL定量识别影响泉州市农村环境协同治理的原因、结果和综合影响因素，以及研究因素之间的关系和相互影响程度。结果表明：地方保护主义、城市发展汲取农村资源是农村环境协同治理的根本制约因素，忽视农村环保技术有别、重视事前环保技术研发而忽视之后的应用和改进是起关键驱动作用的原因因素；城市污染企业为转嫁排污成本转入偏远农村、农村承载城市发展中一些污染转移是直接障碍因素，是短期内有效改善农村环境治理困境的结果因素；农村基本公共卫生设施建设的资金投入有限是最活跃的影响因素，容易影响其他因素，也容易受其他因素影响，是农村环境协同治理实施的核心因素。最后根据各因素之间的因果关系和综合影响程度分析结果，厘清农村环境治理行动中政府、企业、城市、村民、环保组织、科研院校等不同利益相关者主体之间的博弈关系，明确农村环境治理中各个利益相关者的角色定位，提出泉州市农村环境协同治理的长短期和重点措施等建议，为乡村振兴战略部署中创设利益均衡的农村环境多元协同治理的有效途径提供参考。
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关键词:
- 乡村振兴战略 /
- 农村环境治理 /
- 利益相关者理论 /
- Grey-DEMATEL
Abstract: Rural environmental governance with innovative system and efficient path is a point of rural revitalization strategies. The researches of rural environment problems are mostly about the patterns of village environmental governance and the issues of social capital in rural environmental protection. While less are about empirical study on failure of cooperative governance for village environment. In this study, the stakeholder theory was used to analyze the village environment dilemma based on the interest appeals and behavior guidance of government, enterprise, city, villager, environmental organizations and research institutions, established influencing factors index system of rural environmental cooperative governance. To reduce the subjectivity when experts scored to establish the correlation matrix, Grey-DEMATEL method was then applied to identify important causal factors, result factors and relevant factors of rural environmental cooperative governance, and to explore the relationship and combined influencing degree among the influencing factors in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. The results showed that regional protectionism and rural resources being drawn for urban development were more fundamental factors that restricted rural environmental cooperative governance, neglect of distinction of rural environmental protection technology and application and promotion of environmental protection technology had great influencing degree and played a significant driving role too. Urban pollution enterprises being shifted to remote rural areas for transferring emission costs and some urban pollution being transferred to rural areas were direct obstacle factors, which effectively aggravated the predicament of rural environmental governance in a short time. Limit of public health infrastructure construction in rural areas due to their low economic profit was the most active influencing factor of cooperative governance for village environment, extensive economy growing mode of rural enterprise and lack of scientific research and rural environmental protection industrial chain were also the core influencing factors, which easily influenced the other factors, and were also easily influenced by other factors. Last, according to the analysis of the relationship and combined influencing degree among those factors, this paper analyzed relationship among government, enterprise, city, villager, environmental organizations and research institutions, then defined the roles of different stakeholders. The long-term measures, short-term measures and key measures were put forward for realizing the strategic vision of village environmental cooperative governance to change rural environment pollution thoroughly. -
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图 1 泉州市农村环境协同治理影响因素的中心度结构图
Figure 1. Central degree structure diagram of influencing factors of rural environmental cooperative governance in Quanzhou City
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图 2 泉州市农村环境协同治理影响因素因果关系图
Figure 2. Causality diagram of the influencing factors of rural environmental cooperative governance in Quanzhou
表 1 泉州市农村环境保护机制效率综合评价指标体系
Table 1 Synthesis evaluation index system of rural environmental protection mechanism efficiency in Quanzhou City
一级First level 二级Second level 三级Third level 农村环境保护综合评价指标体系
Synthesis evaluation index system of rural environmental protection人口因素A1
Population人口密度(B1)Population density (person∙km-2) 农村人口密度(B2)Rural population density (person∙km-2) 城市化率(B3)Urbanization rate (%) 经济发展A2
Economic development人均GDP (B4) Gross domestic product per capita (¥) 人均固定资产投资(B5)Fixed assets investment per capita (¥) 人均公共财政收入(B6)Public revenue per capita (¥) 人均工业总产值(B8) Industrial product per capita (¥) 人均社会消费品零售额(B9) Retail sales of consumer goods per capita (¥) 社会生活A3
Social life人均年末金融机构本外币存款余额(B10) Balance of foreign currency deposits per capita (¥) 农村人均可支配收入(B11) Rural disposable income per capita (¥) 农村自来水普及率(B12) Rural tap-water popularity rate (%) 城乡居民最低生活保障人数占比(B13) Proportion of subsistence allowances (%) 城乡居民最低生活保障人数(B14) Number of subsistence allowances (person) 农村生活垃圾月均处理量(B15) Monthly rural household waste treatment capacity (t) 农业发展A4
Agricultural development人均肉类总产量(B16) Meat production per capita (t) 单位面积农用化肥施用量(折纯)(B17) Consumption of chemical fertilizers per unit area (t) 单位面积农药使用量(B18) Consumption of pesticide per unit area (t) 农业地膜覆盖面积占比(B19) Proportion of agricultural plastic film mulching area (%)） 环境污染A5
Environmental pollution单位面积工业废水排放量(B20) Industrial wastewater discharge per unit area (104t) 单位面积工业SO2排放量(B21) Industrial SO2 emissions per unit area (t) 单位面积工业NOX排放量(B22) Industrial NOxemissions per unit area (t) 单位面积工业烟尘排放量(B23) Industrial smoke emissions per unit area (t) 单位面积工业废弃物产生量(B24) Industrial waste production per unit area (104 t) 
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表 2 泉州市农村环境保护机制效率综合评价结果及灰数权重
Table 2 Evaluation results of rural environmental protection mechanism efficiency and grey weights in Quanzhou City
洛江
Luojiang泉港
Quangang石狮
Shishi晋江
Jinjiang南安
Nan’an惠安
Hui’an安溪
Anxi永春
Yongchun德化
DehuaA1 0.048 7 0.169 3 0.330 4 0.409 4 0.084 8 0.206 2 0.042 1 0.022 9 0.000 0 A2 0.035 5 0.179 3 0.397 6 0.264 1 0.031 8 0.101 8 0.009 8 0.040 2 0.053 8 A3 0.176 7 0.261 2 0.741 6 0.494 8 0.172 7 0.286 5 0.090 8 0.189 2 0.183 6 A4 0.303 5 0.261 3 0.214 4 0.218 6 0.463 5 0.371 9 0.063 6 0.023 9 0.469 2 A5 0.973 5 0.262 1 0.068 0 0.139 0 0.791 7 0.717 6 0.768 8 0.948 1 0.974 7 综合指数
Comprehensive index0.117 5 0.134 9 0.381 5 0.289 1 0.152 9 0.246 3 0.015 7 0.030 2 0.152 8 排序Order 7 6 1 2 4 3 9 8 5 灰数权重
Grey weight[0.5, 0.9] [0.5, 0.9] [0.3, 0.5] [0.3, 0.5] [0.4, 0.7] [0.4, 0.7] [0.7, 1.0] [0.7, 1.0] [0.4, 0.7] 语义
Semantic较重要
More important较重要
More important稍不重要
Less important稍不重要
Less important重要
Important重要
Important非常重要
Most important非常重要
Most important重要
Important
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表 3 泉州市农村环境协同治理影响因素的中心度及原因度
Table 3 Central degree and causal degree of the influencing factors of rural environmental cooperative governance in Quanzhou City
主体
Subject影响因素
Factor影响度
Influencing degree被影响度
Influenced degree中心度
Central degree原因度
Causal degree政府
Government农村基本公共卫生设施建设的资金投入有限(C1)
Limit of environmental public infrastructure construction in rural areas3.006 5 6.438 6 9.445 1 -3.432 2 农村环境监管体制上职能交叉、权责不对产生的监管不足(C2)
Inadequate supervision of rural environmental management2.497 6 0.000 0 2.497 6 2.497 6 缺乏权威性和有效性的农村环境监管法律法规(C3)
Lack of authoritative and effective regulations1.860 3 0.000 0 1.860 3 1.860 3 地方保护主义(C4)
Regional protectionism2.912 9 0.000 0 2.912 9 2.912 9 企业
Enterprise乡村企业粗放型发展模式(C5)
Extensive economy growing mode of rural enterprise2.568 6 2.821 0 5.389 7 -0.252 4 城市污染企业为转嫁排污成本转入偏远农村(C6)
Urban pollution enterprises being shifted to remote rural areas0.110 0 3.843 9 3.953 8 -3.733 9 城市
City城市发展汲取农村资源(C7)
Rural resources being drawn for urban development3.319 0 1.285 0 4.603 9 2.034 0 农村承载城市发展中一些污染转移(C8)
Urban pollution being transferred to rural areas in urban development0.110 0 3.664 8 3.774 8 -3.554 8 农民
Villager追求农作物产量忽视化肥农药等过量使用(C9)
Neglect of excessive consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides1.464 8 2.411 0 3.875 8 -0.946 2 缺乏环境保护意识和知识(C10)
Lack of environment protection awareness and knowledge1.515 0 1.248 3 2.763 4 0.266 7 农村社会资本流失(C11)
Loss of rural social capital1.540 2 0.731 5 2.271 8 0.808 7 缺乏环境破坏维权意识(C12)
Lack of awareness of environmental conservation rights1.427 5 1.109 1 2.536 6 0.318 4 环保组织
Environmental organization基础薄弱和发育程度低农村环境保护效用小(C13)
Little effect of rural environmental conservation1.376 7 1.531 5 2.908 2 -0.154 8 资金和人员支持短缺农村环境保护效率差(C14)
Low efficiency of rural environmental conservation1.467 8 1.531 5 2.999 3 -0.063 7 科研院校
Research institutions忽视农村环境保护技术有别(C15)
Neglect of distinction of rural environmental protection technology4.301 2 2.668 4 6.969 6 1.632 7 重视事前环保技术研发而忽视之后的应用和改进(C16)
Neglect of application and promotion of environmental protection technology4.301 2 2.549 8 6.851 0 1.751 3 缺乏政府、科研院校和农村三方合作的农村环保科研产业链(C17)
Lack of scientific research and rural environmental protection industrial chain1.811 5 3.756 4 5.568 0 -1.944 9
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