Abstract: Ecological vitalization is one of the "Five Vitalizations" and so is an inherent requirement of rural vitalization. To promote ecological vitalization, the green development of agriculture should be increased, and green and environmentally friendly fertilization should be adopted under circumstances of excessive use of chemical fertilizer. To achieve green fertilization, in this study, we reviewed the relevant literatures. Firstly, this paper summarized the connotations of green fertilization behavior, including the choice of fertilizer in agreement with the concept of green development, the choice of green production technology, the improvement of fertilizer utilization efficiency, and the reduction of environmental pollution caused by excessive fertilization. Most research on green fertilization had been based on planning behavior theory and a household's behavior theory; therefore, in this study, we systematically determined the decision-making mechanism of green fertilization behavior. Farmers were rational and they made choices based on their own information and identification of the external environment. Next, the paper summarized the influencing factors on green fertilization behaviors from four aspects:plot characteristics, external policy environment, individual and family characteristics, and farmers' perception. Finally, through a literature review, it was found that the research content of green fertilization needed to be expanded, and the main subject of research needed to be extended. There are two main trends in the future research on green fertilization:1) the content of the research should continue to expand with the progress of green fertilization technology; 2) the main subject of the research should focus on the green fertilization behavior of new agricultural operators.