Abstract: Based on the reality of agricultural development of China, we analyzed the achievements and problems of agricultural development and put forward a selected path for the transition of agricultural systems to ecologicalization. This new paradigm of developing modern ecological agriculture (agro-ecology) in China was created on the basis of full absorption of successful experiences and lessons learnt from agricultural development in other countries. We also discussed the mainstream ideas of modern agro-ecology and its application in the practice of modern ecological agriculture. At the same time, we emphasized the strengthening of cooperation to tackle key problems and explored a set of practical and feasible environment-friendly and resource-conserving technology systems for the construction and practice of agro-ecology. Special emphasis and elaboration were necessary to promote the transition of ecological industrialization to the industrial ecologicalization. Moreover, we focused on research and establishment of ecological civilization systems suitable for rural actualization of effective protection of ecological resources. Therefore, promoting research and development of ecological products that effectively transforms ecological values to provide good environmental conditions and economic support for rural revitalization, industrial prosperity and well-off farmers was critical for any success in this direction.