Difference in water consumption and yield among different drought-resistant wheat cultivars
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摘要: 为明确年际间不同抗旱性旱地小麦品种的产量差异，筛选适于黄土高原东缘种植的旱地小麦品种，于2012—2017年在山西省运城市闻喜县试验基地进行田间试验。选取10个小麦品种，将降水年型与小麦品种抗旱性进行分类（降水年型：欠水年、平水年；小麦品种：强抗旱性、弱抗旱性），比较分、干物质积累量、产量及产量构成要素的差异，分析产量及干物质积累量与耗水量的关系，明确不同品种小麦的节水增产效果。结果表明，强抗旱性品种包括‘晋麦92’‘运旱20410’‘运旱22-33’‘运旱618’‘运旱719’和‘长6697’，弱抗旱性品种包括‘洛旱6号’‘洛旱9号’‘洛旱11号’和‘洛旱13号’。欠水年，强抗旱性品种的平均耗水量高于弱抗旱性品种，当耗水量增加1 mm时，强抗旱性品种产量提高29.6 kg·hm-2，且影响其产量的主要因素是穗数和穗粒数，营养器官干物质积累量提高50.8 kg·hm-2，从而水分利用效率较高，尤其‘晋麦92’和‘运旱20410’。此外，强抗旱性品种较弱抗旱性品种单位粮食生产的节水量提高13.61%，消耗1 mm土壤水分增产量提高15.74%，具有较好的节水增产效果。平水年，6个强抗旱性品种耗水量普遍较高，其中‘运旱20410’和‘晋麦92’的水分利用效率较高，产量也较高。因此，本研究条件下，欠水年和平水年表现均较好的品种是‘晋麦92’和‘运旱20410’。Abstract: Drought is the main factor that restricts wheat yield in the arid land of the Loess Plateau. Selecting suitable wheat cultivars is important to improve wheat yield in this area. To identify differences among 10 drought-resistant dryland wheat cultivars for cultivation in the dryland of eastern Loess Plateau based on annual precipitation range, a field experiment was conducted in Wenxi County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2017. A few studies have been conducted taking into account drought resistance and annual precipitation range into consideration. In this study, the 10 selected wheat cultivars were screened for drought resistance. Then, the study period was classified as dry year and median year, based on the annual precipitation, and wheat varieties were classified as strong and weak drought-resistant cultivars. We compared differences in water use efficiency, dry matter accumulation, yield, and yield components among the cultivars for five consecutive years, and analyzed the relationships between yield, dry matter accumulation and water consumption. Furthermore, the effect of water saving on the yield of wheat cultivars was determined. The results showed that the strong drought-resistant cultivars were JM92, YH20410, YH22-33, YH618, YH719, and C6697; whereas the weak drought-resistant cultivars were LH6, LH9, LH11, and LH13. In the dry year, average water consumption of the strong drought-resistant cultivars was higher than that of the weak drought-resistant cultivars. When water consumption was increased by 1 mm, the yield of wheat increased by 29.6 kg·hm-2, and the main factors affecting the yield of the strong drought-resistant cultivars were spike number and grain number per spike. Moreover, dry matter accumulation in the vegetative organs increased by 50.8 kg·hm-2. Therefore, the water use efficiency of the strong drought-resistant cultivars, especially JM92 and YH20410, was higher than that of the weak drought-resistant cultivars. In addition, water saving per unit grain production of the strong drought-resistant cultivars was 13.61% higher than that of the weak drought-resistant cultivars. The yield increment of 1 mm soil water consumption was increased by 15.74% higher of the strong drought-resistant cultivars compared with that of the weak drought-resistant cultivars. Water consumption of six cultivars with strong drought resistance was generally higher in the median year, and both yield and water use efficiency of JM92 and YH20410 were relatively higher. Therefore, our results indicate that JM92 and YH20410 perform better in both dry year and median year.
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Keywords:
- Annual precipitation type /
- Wheat /
- Drought resistance /
- Yield /
- Water use efficiency
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图 1 不同旱地小麦品种抗旱性聚类分析图
Figure 1. Dendrograms of drought resistance of different dryland wheat cultivars
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图 2 不同降水年型小麦品种间成熟期干物质积累量的差异
Figure 2. Differences on dry matter accumulation amounts of different wheat cultivars at maturity in different rainfall years
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图 3 不同降水年型小麦品种间生育期耗水量(ET)及水分利用效率(WUE)的差异
Figure 3. Differences in evapotranspiration (ET) and water use efficiency (WUE) of different wheat cultivars during the growth period in different rainfall years
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图 4 不同品种小麦产量、营养器官干物质积累量与耗水量(ET)的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between yield, dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs and evapotranspiration (ET) of different wheat cultivars
表 1 2012—2017年度试验基地0~20 cm土层土壤基础肥力
Table 1 Basic soil properties of 0-20 cm layer in the experimental location in 2012-2017
年份
Year有机质
Organic matter (g·kg–1)全氮
Total N (g·kg–1)碱解氮
Available N (mg·kg–1)速效磷
Available P (mg·kg–1)2012 8.63 0.71 32.89 15.73 2013 9.18 0.70 39.32 16.62 2014 9.55 0.68 37.65 17.64 2015 8.54 0.67 32.79 19.23 2016 10.62 0.69 38.22 15.28 
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表 2 2012—2017年度试验点全年降水量及其分布
Table 2 Rainfall and its distribution in the experimental location in 2012-2017
mm 年份
Year休闲期
Fallow period播种—越冬
SS–WS越冬—拔节
WS–JS拔节—开花
JS–AS开花—成熟
AS–MS总计
Total1981—2017 284.6 58.8 29.8 37.6 80.2 490.9 2012—2013 171.1 19.8 26.3 20.8 104.9 342.9 2013—2014 283.7 43.7 19.3 63.8 63.7 474.2 2014—2015 365.6 21.5 50.8 61.2 17.6 516.7 2015—2016 94.7 101.2 11.0 57.1 122.8 386.8 2016—2017 165.4 95.5 66.8 27.2 51.4 406.3 数据来源:山西省闻喜县气象站。休闲期: 6月下旬至9月下旬; 播种—越冬: 10月上旬至11月下旬; 越冬—拔节: 12月上旬至4月上旬; 拔节—开花: 4月中旬至5月上旬; 开花—成熟: 5月中旬至6月中旬。Data are from the Meteorological Observation Station of Wenxi County, Shanxi Province, China. Fallow period: from the last 10 d of Jun. to the last 10 d of Sep.; SS–WS (sowing stage - wintering stage): from the first 10 d of Oct. to the last 10 d of Nov.; WS–JS (wintering stage - jointing stage): from the first 10 d of Dec. to the first 10 d of Apr. in the following year; JS–AS (jointing stage - anthesis stage): from the middle 10 d of Apr. to the first 10 d of May; AS–MS (anthesis stage - maturity stage): the middle 10 d of May to the middle 10 d of Jun.
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表 3 降水年型对不同旱地小麦品种产量的影响(2012—2017年)
Table 3 Effect of rainfall year type on yield of different dryland wheat cultivars (2012-2017)
品种
Cultivar欠水年产量
Yield in dry year (kg·hm–2)平水年产量
Yield in median year (kg·hm–2)抗旱系数
Drought resistance coefficient2012—2013 2013—2014 2014—2015 2015—2016 2016—2017 平均值
Mean value值
Value变异系数
CV (%)JM92 2 817±139.75a 5 114±69.25b 5 965±94.22d 5 724±65.69b 6 534±46.18a 5 834.25c 0.48a 10.71 YH20410 2 685±126.12b 6 141±133.32a 6 246±51.63d 5 950±43.18b 6 007±76.86b 6 086.00b 0.44ab 2.18 YH22-33 2 523±93.23c 4 109±77.77e 5 108±56.86f 6 492±55.39a 6 670±108.62a 5 594.75d 0.45ab 23.48 YH618 2 191±121.35d 4 386±163.23e 5 694±103.33e 5 809±99.79b 5 193±84.79c 5 270.50e 0.42abc 13.30 YH719 1 989±110.47d 3 720±81.48f 4 864±114.90f 5 346±76.63c 5 764±73.56b 4 923.50e 0.40bc 20.20 C6697 1 985±85.37d 4 493±90.65e 5 407±80.21e 5 370±77.81c 4 259±49.02d 4 82.25e 0.41abc 12.26 LH6 2 069±116.13d 6 294±88.12a 8 176±71.35a 6 039±87.14b 5 959±33.21b 6 617.00a 0.31d 13.82 LH9 1 841±78.18e 4 902±84.69c 6 755±83.12c 6 156±66.46b 6 404±127.05a 6 054.25b 0.30d 14.87 LH11 1 851±76.78e 6 110±79.74a 6 976±118.79c 5 819±72.07b 5 819±61.13b 6 181.00b 0.30d 8.27 LH13 1 939±81.34d 4 667±117.78d 7 582±89.63b 5 111±46.99c 5 081±42.79c 5 610.25d 0.35cd 19.60 JM92: ‘晋麦92’; YH20410: ‘运旱20410’; YH22-33: ‘运旱22-33’; YH618: ‘运旱618’; YH719: ‘运旱719’; C6697: ‘长6697’; LH6: ‘洛旱6号’; LH9: ‘洛旱9号’; LH11: ‘洛旱11号’; LH13: ‘洛旱13号’。同列不同小写字母表示0.05水平差异显著。CV: coefficient of variation. Values followed by different lowercase letters within a column are significantly different at 0.05 level.
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表 4 不同降水年型不同小麦品种产量构成因素的差异
Table 4 Differences in yield components of different wheat cultivars in different rainfall years
降水年型
Type of rainfall year抗旱性
Drought resistance品种
Cultivar穗数
Spike number (104·hm–2)穗粒数
Grains per spike千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)欠水年
Dry year强
StrongJM92 262.80±28.95a 33.75±0.77a 40.70±0.79d YH20410 221.85±33.54d 32.70±0.42b 36.27±0.66e YH22-33 255.90±43.97b 30.20±0.81c 43.38±0.89c YH618 234.00±37.77c 28.15±0.61d 42.04±1.01c YH719 224.85±61.04d 29.65±0.70cd 38.84±1.22d C6697 231.90±43.96c 26.25±0.82e 41.87±0.46c 平均Mean 238.55 30.12 40.52 弱
WeakLH6 218.10±22.64e 24.70±0.62f 52.08±0.93a LH9 214.20±47.16e 20.30±0.54g 53.42±0.64a LH11 211.95±29.5e 22.85±0.86fg 51.02±0.55ab LH13 207.30±79.97e 24.50±0.78f 47.11±1.05b 平均Mean 212.89 23.09 50.91 平水年
Median year强
StrongJM92 421.69±53.11c 37.86±0.55b 43.44±0.54d YH20410 450.13±41.56a 38.33±0.68ab 43.69±0.25d YH22-33 430.00±39.13c 37.31±0.18b 45.98±0.39c YH618 411.50±41.23d 39.22±0.12a 41.58±0.21e YH719 391.50±34.22e 39.00±1.02a 42.12±0.46e C6697 403.50±32.00d 31.50±0.35e 42.33±0.17e 平均Mean 418.05 37.20 43.19 弱
WeakLH6 443.38±44.36b 36.67±0.36c 47.03±0.46b LH9 450.50±43.09a 31.54±0.30e 48.22±0.21a LH11 440.63±40.59b 35.30±0.15c 47.84±0.46ab LH13 407.00±37.81d 34.94±0.61d 47.07±0.78b 平均Mean 435.38 34.61 47.54 JM92: ‘晋麦92’; YH20410: ‘运旱20410’; YH22-33: ‘运旱22-33’; YH618: ‘运旱618’; YH719: ‘运旱719’; C6697: ‘长6697’; LH6: ‘洛旱6号’; LH9: ‘洛旱9号’; LH11: ‘洛旱11号’; LH13: ‘洛旱13号’。增加率(%)=(强抗旱性品种-弱抗旱性品种)/弱抗旱性品种×100, 同一降水年型不同小写字母表示不同品种间在0.05水平差异显著。Increased rate (%) = (strong-weak)/weak×100. Values followed by different lowercase letters within the same column of the same rainfall year are significantly different among different wheat cultivars at 0.05 level.
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表 5 不同降水年型下小麦强抗旱性品种较弱抗旱性品种生育期的节水增产效果
Table 5 Water saving and yield increasing effects of wheat cultivars with strong drought resistance over cultivars with weak drought resistance in growth period in different rainfall years
降水年型
Type of rainfall year单位籽粒产量的节水量
Water saving amount per unit grain yield (m3·kg–1)单位籽粒产量的节水率
Water saving rate per unit grain yield (%)单位耗水量的增产量
Yield increasing per evapotranspiration (kg·m–3)单位耗水量的增产率
Yield increasing rate per evapotranspiration (%)欠水年Dry year 0.02 13.61 1.03 15.74 平水年Median year –0.01 –13.28 –1.89 –11.67
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