农牧耦合生产方式下不同批次肉鹅养殖效应研究
Breeding effects of different batches goose in the coupled crop-livestock system
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摘要: 通过不同批次肉鹅养殖效果研究, 在作物种植和肉鹅养殖两个子系统构成的农牧耦合生产方式下, 试验研究了松嫩平原农牧交错区肉鹅的生长动态和不同饲养场地对肉鹅养殖的贡献。结果表明: 肉鹅的放牧场地月际变化大, 肉鹅放牧场地存在明显的阶段性利用现象, 总体趋势为农田(6~8月)→草地(9~10月); 第1批次鹅的生长速度明显高于第2批, 不同养鹅批次间饲养场地的贡献率也不相同, 第1批次肉鹅养殖中农田的贡献率最大, 而第2批次肉鹅养殖中草地的贡献率则大于农田。不同批次肉鹅的生长速度及不同饲养场地的贡献率的差异, 反映了耦合系统运行效率和效益的高低, 这不仅与系统内部肉鹅养殖子系统的饲料需求节律和作物种植子系统提供饲料的节律是否一致有关, 而且与1月龄鹅生长的外环境因素紧密相连。今后应加强松嫩平原农牧交错区农牧耦合生态系统内部运行节律和外部环境条件的研究。Abstract: In order to determine the growth dynamics and contribution ratio of different feeding fields for goose, two batches of goose raised on coupled crop-livestock production system in the agro-livestock ecotone on the Songnen Plain were compared. The results show significant changes in the monthly dynamics of goose grazing space with a staged evidence of spatial utilization of the feeding space. The tendency is that birds graze in farmland in June ~ August and move to grassland in September ~ October. The rate of average weight gain in the first batch is faster than that in the second. Feeding field contribution ratio of the two batches is different — highest for croplands in the first batch of goose while highest for grasslands in the second batch of goose. Contribution ratio of the different feeding fields and average weight gain rate in goose reflect the efficiency and benefit of the coupled agro-system. This is not only in close relation with demand and supply of goose feed, but is also closely related with environmental factors surrounding one month-old goose population. Further research on both the internal performing rhythm and external influencing factors of coupled crop-livestock system in the ecotone of the Songnen Plain should be conducted.