东北地区四种农作物根际磷细菌的分布
Distribution of phosphobacteria in rhizosphere soils of four crops in Northeast China
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摘要: 从小麦、水稻、玉米、大豆根际土壤中磷细菌数量及其群落结构、多样性和相似性等几个方面, 对东北地区代表性农作物根际磷细菌生态分布规律进行了系统研究。结果表明, 4种作物根际土壤中分布大量解磷菌和溶磷菌, 其中解磷菌达到2.15~6.68×105cfu·g-1、溶磷菌达到0.7~3.9×104 cfu·g-1, 解磷菌数量多于溶磷菌; 作物根际土壤有效磷含量与磷细菌数量间无直接相关性; 东北地区农作物根际磷细菌种群结构复杂, 小麦、玉米、水稻、大豆根际土壤解磷菌分别涉及9个、11个、13个、12个菌属, 溶磷菌分别涉及9个、8个、9个、7个菌属; 4种主要农作物根际土壤中分布的磷细菌具有较高的多样性指数, 且一般来说根际土壤中解磷菌多样性更高; 作物根际磷细菌组成相似性系数在0.50~1.00之间, 总体处于较高水平, 且溶磷菌的相似性系数高于解磷菌。Abstract: Ecological distribution of phosphobacteria in soil rhizosphere of four typical crops (Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, Zea mays and Glycine max) in the northeastern China was determined based on four principal features (bacteria quantity, community structure, diversity and similarity). The results show vast amounts of both phosphate-dissolving and phosphate-solubilizaing bacteria, which are in the ranges of 2.15~6.68×105 cfu·g-1 and 0.7~3.9×104 cfu·g-1 respectively. Correlation analysis shows no significant correlation between available P content and phosphobacteria amount in the rhizosphere soils of the four crops. Population structure of phosphobacteria is very complicated in the northeastern China. The phosphate-dissolving bacteria in rhizosphere soils of T. aestivum,/i>, O. sativa, Z. mays and G. max consist of 9, 11, 13 and 12 genera respectively, while phosphate-solubilizaing bacteria consist of 9, 8, 9 and 7 genera respectively. Shannon-Weiner biodiversity of phosphobacteria in rhizosphere soils of the four crops is high. Shannon-Weiner biodiversity index of phosphate-dissolving bacteria is higher than that of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. Sorenson similarity coefficient is also high (0.50~1.00), and higher for phosphate-solubilizing bacteria.
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