Abstract: Shandong Province ranks first regarding agricultural exports and ranks second regarding grain production in China. This paper summarizes the state of modern agriculture in the province from the view of points of crop production potential, modern grain industry development, modern agriculture development potential, agriculture produce export, eco-agriculture potential, and agro-tech tourism. At the same time, the challenges facing modern agricultural development in the province are analyzed. The review is intended to provide the expertise needed for modern agricultural development in China in general.