Abstract: The relationship between vegetation coverage and soil erosion in the Loess Plateau was determined via spatial overlay analysis on Geographical Information System platform. Water erosion accounts for 100% of all erosion in vegetation coverage grade 1; 95.61% in vegetation coverage grade 2, and 74.90%, 66.68% and 58.19% in vegetation coverage grade 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Frozen erosion is mainly distributed in vegetation coverage grade 4 and 5. With increase in vegetation coverage grade, the proportion of water erosion gradually decreases while those of wind, water-wind, and frozen erosion gradually increase. The soil erosion indexes of water erosion, wind erosion and water-wind erosion for vegetation coverage grade 5 are 657.56, 796.68 and 596.79 respec-tively-much higher than those for the rest vegetation coverage grades. Soil erosion is most severe for vegetation coverage grade 5. Change in vegetation coverage has a significant impact on soil erosion in the Loess Plateau.