烟田土壤质地的空间变异性研究
Spatial variability of soil texture in tobacco field
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摘要: 为了解烟田土壤质地的空间变异情况进而为烟草精准施肥提供依据, 本研究在地统计学和GIS的支持下, 以半方差函数为基本工具, 分析了平顶山地区典型烟区耕层土壤质地的空间变异特征, 并运用普通克里格(Kriging)进行最优无偏线性插值, 制作了黏粒、砂粒和粉粒的空间分布图。结果表明, 研究区域内不同土壤颗粒在较大范围内存在空间自相关性, 黏粒、砂粒和粉粒的空间自相关距离分别为609 m、657 m和429 m; 黏粒和砂粒由结构性因素引起的空间变异达80%。各向异性分析都表明, 黏粒和砂粒存在较强烈的各向异性, 粉粒各向异性则较小。对试验土壤来说, 土壤质地具有较强的空间自相关性和变异性, 这可能是影响土壤养分空间变异性的主要原因, 因此在设计施肥方案时应考虑土壤质地空间变异性的影响。Abstract: To understand the distribution mode of soil texture for enhanced precision fertilization in tobacco fields, spatial variability of soil texture in Pingdingshan tobacco field was analyzed via geostatistics method on Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. The spatial distributions of clay, sand and silt were then quantitatively built by ordinary Kriging — a linear unbiased interpolation method. The results show that soil granules have relatively large auto-correlation lengths, and with spatial heterogeneity scales of 609 m, 657 m and 429 m respectively for clay, sand and silt. About 80% of spatial variability of clay and sand is caused by structural factors. Directional semi-variogram analysis indicates that clay and sand have a relatively high spatial auto-correlation. Further analysis shows that while clay and sand are highly anisotropic, silt is feebly anisotropic. Our experiment demonstrates that the relatively strong spatial correlation and spatial variability of the soil texture may be the major factor responsible for spatial variations in soil properties, especially initial distributions of soil texture. It is therefore suggested that spatial variations in soil texture should be incorporated in fertilization scheme designs.