干旱区农田灌溉前后土壤水盐时空变异性研究
Spatial and temporal variations in soil water and salt in arid areas before and after irrigation
-
摘要: 通过田间土壤剖面取样，测定了新疆奇台县干旱区农田灌溉前、灌溉后1 周和3 周土壤水盐的时空变异特征。结果表明: 灌溉前, 剖面各层土壤含水量较低(15.25%~16.70%), 且呈中等(偏弱)变异性; 剖面上部(40 cm 以上)土壤盐分呈强变异性, 而下部为中等(偏强)变异性。灌溉后1 周, 除0~20 cm(弱变异性)外, 其他土层水分及剖面下部盐分变异性未变, 但变异系数均减小, 上部土壤盐分转为中等(偏强)变异性; 剖面平均土壤含水量升高10.51%, 脱盐率达8.94%, 其中, 表层(0~20 cm)土壤水分增加率(118.48%)及脱盐率(20.86%)最大, 底层(100~120 cm)水分增加率(40.54%)及脱盐率(-6.93%)最小。灌溉后3 周与1 周相比, 各层(除80~100 cm 土层)水分及盐分的变异性保持不变, 但水分的变异系数增大, 而盐分的变异系数减小; 剖面平均含水量减少5.20%, 表层(0~20 cm)失水率(36.47%)最大, 80~100 cm 失水率(7.31%)最小; 表层土壤积盐率(4.55%)约为20~40 cm 土层的12 倍; 而40 cm 土层以下仍处于脱盐阶段, 40~80 cm 土壤脱盐率减小, 80~120 cm 土层脱盐率(9.03%)增大。Abstract: Spatial and temporal variations in soil water and salt contents of arid farmlands in Qitai County, Xinjiang was investigated before and one week, 3 weeks after irrigation through profiles sampling. The results showed low soil water contents (15.25%~16.70%) in all soil layers before irrigation, with moderate to weak spatial variability. Salt content in the upper 40 cm soil layer was strongly variable, while that in the lower soil layer was moderately variable. One week after irrigation, soil water and salt contents in the soil layers (except for the 0~20 cm soil layer with weak variability) remained unchanged, but their coefficients of variation dropped. Salt content variability in the upper soil layer changed to medium and strong. Average water content in the profiles increased by 10.51%, with a desalting rate of 8.94%. The rates of water increase (118.48%) and desalting (20.86%) in the 0~20 cm soil profile were the highest. On the other hand, the rates of water increase (40.54%) and desalting (-6.93%) were lowest in the 100~120 cm soil layer. Compared with the one week post-irrigation condition, variation in water and salt contents in the soil layers (except for the 80~100 cm soil layer) remained unchanged three week after irrigation. However, the coefficient of variation for water content increased while that for salt decreased. Average water content along the soil profile decreased by 5.20%. The rate of water loss (36.47%) in the surface 0~20 cm soil layer was highest while that (7.31%) in the 80~100 cm soil layer was lowest. The rate of salt accumulation (4.55%) in the surface soil was about 12 times that in the 20~40 cm soil layer. While desalting still occurred below the 40 cm soil layer, that in the 40~80 cm soil profile decreased. Desalting rate (9.03%) in the 80~120 cm soil layer increased.
-
[1] 张妙仙, 杨劲松, 李东顺. 特大暴雨作用下土壤盐分运征研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2004, 12(2): 47-49 [2] 杨艳, 王全九. 微咸水入渗条件下碱土和盐土水盐运征分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2008, 22(1): 13-19 [3] 张妙仙, 毛任钊. 蒸散发条件下农田土壤水盐动态简化[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2003, 11(3): 102-105 [4] 张永波, 王秀兰. 表层盐化土壤区咸水灌溉试验研究[J]. 土壤学报, 1997, 34(1): 53-59 [5] 冯广平, 姜卉芳, 董新光, 等. 干旱内陆河灌区地面灌溉条件下土壤水盐运动规律研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2006, 25(3): 82-84 [6] 吴忠东, 王全九. 不同微咸水组合灌溉对土壤水盐分布小麦产量影响的田间试验研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2007, 23(11): 71-76 [7] Hillel D. Research in soil physics: A review[J]. Soil Sci, 1991, 151: 30-34 [8] 李艳, 史舟, 徐建明, 等. 地统计学在土壤科学中的应用望[J]. 水土保持学报, 2003, 17(1): 178-182 [9] 胡克林, 李保国, 陈德立, 等. 农田土壤水分和盐分的空异性及其协同克立格估值[J]. 水科学进展, 2001, 12(4): 460-466 [10] 姚荣江, 杨劲松, 刘光明. 土壤盐分和含水量的空间变及其CoKriging 估值——以黄河三角洲地区典型地块[J]. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(5): 133-138 [11] 张伟, 陈洪松, 王克林, 等. 典型喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土分空间变异性研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(1): 68-73 [12] 秦鱼生, 涂仕华, 冯文强, 等. 成都平原水旱轮作种植下养分特性空间变异研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2008, 45(2): 355-359 [13] 姚荣江, 杨劲松. 电磁感应仪用于土壤盐分空间分布的协立格估值研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16(1): 41-46 [14] 赵成义, 王玉潮, 李子良, 等. 田块尺度下土壤水分和盐空间变异性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2003, 20(4): 252-256 [15] Brooker P I. Irrigation equipment selection to match spatial variability of soils[J]. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 200l, 33(6/7): 619-623 [16] Junior V V, Carvalho M P, Dafonte J, et a1. Spatial variability of soil water content and nlechanical resistance of Brazilian ferralsol[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2006, 85(1/2): 166-177 [17] Ferrero A, Usowicz B, Lipiec J. Effects of tractor traffic on spatial variability of soil strength and water content in grass covered and cultivated sloping vineyard[J]. Soil & Tillage Research, 2005, 84(2): 127-138 [18] A?kin T, Klzllkaya R. Assessing spatial variability of soil enzyme activities in pasture topsoils using geostatistics[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology, 2006, 42(4): 230-237 [19] 雷志栋, 杨诗秀, 谢森传. 土壤水动力学[M]. 北京: 清学出版社, 1998
计量
- 文章访问数: 1586
- HTML全文浏览量: 67
- PDF下载量: 1246
下载:
