施用含洛克沙胂鸡粪对蔬菜生长及砷累积的影响
Effect of chicken manure with roxarsone on growth andarsenic accumulation in vegetables
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摘要: 为了明确鸡粪中的洛克沙胂对蔬菜生长及砷累积的影响, 通过盆栽试验, 以施用不含洛克沙胂的鸡粪为对照, 考察菜心、萝卜、生菜及茼蒿4种蔬菜施用含洛克沙胂鸡粪后不同收获时期的生物量及砷累积量。结果显示, 4种蔬菜的生物量、地上部砷含量及全株砷的吸收总量均随着生长时间的延长而提高, 但根系砷含量却随着生长时间的延长而降低; 在相同的采收时期, 与对照相比, 施用含洛克沙胂的鸡粪对菜心、生菜及茼蒿地上部及根系的生物量有降低作用, 而对萝卜地上部及根系生物量则有一定提高作用, 但不存在显著性差异; 与对照相比, 施用含洛克沙胂鸡粪对4种蔬菜地上部砷含量、根系砷含量及全株砷的总吸收量均有提高或者显著提高的作用; 在最终收获期含洛克沙胂鸡粪处理4种蔬菜地上部砷含量分别较对照提高10.53%、5.56%、11.11%及11.11% , 地下部砷含量分别提高52.94%、46.67%、39.22%及28.00%, 全株砷的总吸收量分别提高7.07%、30.88%、15.25%及5.57%。结果表明, 鸡粪中的洛克沙胂对蔬菜生长具有一定影响, 但对不同品种蔬菜有不同的体现, 且鸡粪中的洛克沙胂均能提高蔬菜各部位的砷吸收及累积, 食用同等量最终收获期的4种蔬菜(可食用部位), 含洛克沙胂鸡粪处理可比对照分别增加10.53%、46.67%、11.11%和11.11%砷摄入量。该结果为禽畜粪中洛克沙胂对蔬菜生长的影响提供数据支持, 对以含洛克沙胂的禽畜粪作为肥料的农作物食用安全性提供一定科学依据。Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions to study biomass and arsenic contents of four vegetable crops (flowering Chinese cabbage, turnip, lettuce and crown daisy) at difference harvest stages. The aim of the study was to validate the effect of roxarsone in chicken manure on growth and arsenic accumulation of vegetables. Treatments with roxarsone-free chicken manure were used as control experiment. The results showed that biomass and arsenic contents of vegetable shoots and gross arsenic uptake in the four vegetable crops were enhanced with increasing growth period. However, arsenic contents of vegetable roots or tubers reduced with increasing growth period. At the same harvest stage, chicken manure with roxarsone reduced flowering Chinese cabbage, lettuce and crown daisy biomass but increased turnip biomass. Total arsenic content and gross arsenic uptake of the four vegetable crops treated with chicken manure with roxarsone were (significantly) higher at harvest stage than in the corresponding control treatment. Compared with the control, shoot arsenic contents of the four vegetable crops at final harvest stage treated by chicken manure with roxarsone increased by 10.53%, 5.56%, 11.11% and 11.11% and those of the roots increased by 52.94%, 46.67%, 39.22% and 28.00%, respectively. Also the gross arsenic taken up by the four vegetable crops under treatment of chicken manure with roxarsone increased by 7.07%, 30.88%, 15.25% and 5.57%, respectively. The results suggested that chicken manure with roxarsone somehow influenced the growth of vegetable crops. Although chicken manure with roxarsone increased vegetable arsenic uptake and accumulation, its effects on different vegetables were different. Arsenic intakes into edible parts of the vegetable crops treated by chicken manure with roxarsone were respectively 10.53%, 46.67%, 11.11% and 11.11% higher than that of the control if the same weights of the same vegetables were consumed in daily life. The result of this study provided important support data for vegetable growth in terms of the effect of adding roxarsone to livestock manure. It also laid the scientific basis for food safety of crops cultivated on livestock manure containing roxarsone.
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