Abstract: Chinese eco-agriculture (CEA) was the first to implement "recycle economy" in the world. It developed designs and applications of eco-engineering. However, due to drastic changes in the organization of agricultural operations, CEA model transmission fell short of expectations. The main shortcoming was the lack of economic vitality due to long-term absence of strong ecological industries that contributed to rural economy and environment. Through case studies, this paper illustrated that as a renewable energy and liquid fuel resource, bioenergy provided basic support for high economic benefits in eco-agriculture in even unlimited market potentials. In China, bioenergy industry not only contributed to national energy security, but also realized material recycling and multi-utilization of biomass. Biomass economy was important for removing restriction of arable land, mineral and fossil fuel conditions on agriculture. The author argued that the emergence and rise of modern bioenergy provided China with unprecedented opportunities for breakthroughs in the marriage between ecology and economy. It also provided opportunities for integrated environmental and economic benefits.