德州引黄灌区主要河系水化学空间特征分析

Hydrochemical characteristics of surface water in main rivers of the irrigation districts in the downstream of Yellow River

摘要

摘要:通过对德州引黄灌区主要河流及引黄灌渠水质的离子化学成分分析, 探讨了引黄灌区地表水化学成分特点、水化学类型及其空间变化和主要离子来源, 为长期观测引黄灌溉对该区地表水、地下水的水化学特征变化的影响及地表水、地下水的循环交换提供依据, 同时为该区水环境评价以及水体污染防控提供理论指导。研究结果显示, 该区地表水的pH、电导率(EC)及各主要离子含量存在明显的空间差异。水体pH的变化范围为7.65~9.34, 属弱碱性水; EC的变化范围为965~1 530 μs·cm ^-1; 主要阴阳离子的浓度范围分别为: NO ₃ ^-1.32~60.15 mg·L ^-1、SO ₄ ^2-53.41~781.90 mg·L ^-1、HCO ₃ ^-143.35~ 823.50 mg·L ^-1、Cl ^-98.00~ 564.00 mg·L ^-1、Ca2+ 22.57~265.00 mg·L ^-1、Mg ²⁺29.41~195.50 mg·L ^-1、Na ⁺103.20~472.00 mg·L ^-1、K ⁺0.83~59.05 mg·L ^-1。该研究区水化学类型以Na ⁺·Ca ²⁺-HCO ₃ ^-·SO ₄ ^2-水为主。各阴离子浓度的平均值HCO ₃ ^-(330.45 mg·L ^-1) SO ₄ ^2-(308.48 mg·L ^-1) Cl (286.83mg·L ^-1) NO ₃ ^-(29.60 mg·L ^-1), 阳离子浓度的平均值Na+(236.85 mg·L ^-1) Ca ²⁺(98.15 mg·L ^-1) Mg ²⁺(82.62 mg·L ^-1) K ⁺(9.05 mg·L ^-1)。pH、Cl 的最高值均出现在马颊河流域, 并且该流域Mg2+浓度均值高于其他两个流域。德惠新河流域EC、NO3 和HCO3 的均值最高。引黄灌渠的SO ₄ ^2-、Na ⁺、Ca ²⁺和K ⁺的平均浓度高于其他两个流域。通过Piper图分析得出, 不同小流域水体类型不同。对研究区灌溉水质评价结果显示, 该区地表水适合灌溉。经相关分析发现, 该研究区地表水中, Ca ²⁺、Mg ²⁺、Na ⁺与SO ₄ ^2-和Cl ^-均具有极显著的相关性, 此外, Ca ²⁺与Mg ²⁺、Na ⁺与K ⁺、SO ₄ ^2-与Cl 也显示出了极显著的相关性, 表明这些离子相互影响, 或者具有相同的来源, 受人类活动影响较大。

Abstract:This paper investigated spatial variations in chemical characteristics, hydrochemistry type and sources of major ions in water. It analyzed the composition of chemical ions in surface water of Majia River, Dehuixin River and Yinhuangguanqu of the irrigation districts in the downstream of Yellow River. The study attempted to lay the theoretical guidelines for long-term observation of hydrochemical changes of surface water and groundwater under irrigation from the Yellow River. In addition, the paper provided the scientific basis for evaluating water environment conditions and pollution prevention measures. The results showed that pH and elec-trical conductivity (EC) varied in space. Surface water in the study area was alkaline with pH range of 7.65~9.34. EC of the water samples was in the range of 965~1 530 μs·cm ^-1. The ranges of concentration of NO ₃ ^-, SO ₄ ^2-, HCO ₃ ^-, Cl ^-, Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺, Na ⁺, K ⁺were respectively 1.32~60.15 mg·L ^-1, 53.41~781.90 mg·L ^-1, 143.35~823.50 mg·L ^-1, 98.00~564.00 mg·L ^-1, 22.57~265.00 mg·L ^-1, 29.41~195.50 mg·L ^-1, 103.20~472.00 mg·L ^-1and 0.83~59.05 mg·L ^-1. The major ions and their average concentrations were as follows: HCO ₃ ^-(330.45 mg·L ^-1) > SO ₄ ^2-(308.48 mg·L ^-1) > Cl ^-(286.83 mg·L ^-1) > NO ₃ ^-(29.60 mg·L ^-1) and Na ⁺(236.85 mg·L ^-1) > Ca ²⁺(98.15 mg·L ^-1) > Mg ²⁺(82.62 mg·L ^-1) > K ⁺(9.05 mg·L ^-1). The hydrochemical type of the surface water was Na ⁺·Ca ²⁺-HCO ₃ ^-·SO ₄ ^2-. The pH and Cl ^-of Majia River along with mean Mg ²⁺concentration were highest in the three rivers. Mean EC, concentrations of NO ₃ ^-and HCO ₃ ^-were highest in Dehuixin River. Also mean concentrations of SO ₄ ^2-, Na ⁺, Ca ²⁺and K ⁺for Yinhuangguanqu were higher than those for the other two rivers. The Piper diagrams suggested that the hydrochemical types of the surface waters were different for different rivers. Water assessment showed that water in study area was suitable for irrigation. Correlation analysis showed that Ca ²⁺, Mg ²⁺and Na ⁺were significantly correlated with SO ₄ ²and Cl ^-. Furthermore, Ca ²⁺and Mg ²⁺, Na ⁺and K ⁺, and SO ₄ ^2-and Cl ^-were significantly correlated. The results suggested inter-related influence or same source water ions in the region which were likely driven by human activity.

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