Abstract: In this paper the background and connotation of sustainable agriculture,the obstructions,regularity and counter-measures of Chinese agricultural system were studied.The results are that Chinese agricultural system is suffering four groups obstructions coming from natural,technological,economic and social factors.In order to achieve better economic results and high yield simultaneously the thory of productive element combined should be observed.The counter-measures that will keep and enhance the stability of the agricultural system are to preserve and improve natural resources,use advanced technologies,set up maket economic and make a series of policy to keep and enhance farmers'benefits.