Abstract: In this thesis, the authors illustrate the theorctica1 basis for microbial agriculture such as nutrient structure theory，niche theory，link adding theory of foodchain，and entropy-increasing theory；analyze the application prospect of microhial agriculture：and put forward some strategies about cultivating biomass resources，the application of microbial technelegies．the comprehensive utilization of resources and introduction of new species，exploitation of niche，the adding of multi-function links，and improvement of the productivity of the system．