河北平原高产粮田综合节水模式研究
Comprehensive water-saving models in high yielding region of Hebei Plain
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摘要: 在多年单项节水技术基础上试验研究组装配套集成高产粮田小麦、玉米两作5种综合节水模式,即土垅沟输水+少耕覆盖+调亏灌溉制度(I)、主垅沟软管输水+少耕覆盖+调亏灌溉制度(II)、主垅沟软管输水+支垅沟闸菅+少耕覆盖+调亏灌溉制度(III)、主垅沟软管输水+支垅沟闸管十少耕覆盖十深松+调亏灌溉制度(Ⅳ)、喷灌+少耕覆盖+调亏灌溉制度(V),各模式水分利用效率分别为22.5kg/hm2.m3、25.7~22.5kg/hm2.m3、27.2~22.5kg/hm2·m3 、28.0~22.5kg/hm2·m3 、31.5~22.5kg/hm2·m3,分别比传统灌溉模式(对照)水分利用效率提高14% 、21%、24%、26%和40%,增产节支效益分别为692.40元/hm2、767.10元/hm2、815.10元 hm2、791.25元/hm2和346.05元/hm2,其中以农艺为主的综合节水模式更适于河北平原大面积高产粮田推广应用。Abstract: Five comprehensive water-saving models were integrated based on long-term experiments on different single water-saving measures for maize and winter wheat in the high yielding area of Hebei Plain.The five comprehensive models include water transportation through.soil ditch+ minimum tillage and mulching+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling;water transportation through main pipe line+ minimum tillage and mulching+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling;water transportation through main pipe line and gated plastic pipe connected to the main pipe line to the field+ minimum tillage and mulching+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling;water transportation through main pipe line and gated plastic pipe connected to the main pipe line to the field minimum tillage and mulching+deep plough+ regulated deficit irrigation scheduling;sprinkler irrigation+minimum tillage and mulching+regulated deficit irrigation scheduling.The results show that the water use efficiencies of the five models are 22.5kg/hm2·m3,25.7kg/hm2·m3,27.2kg/hm2·m3,28.0kg/hm2·m3.and 31.5kg/hm2·m3 ,respectively,which are 14%,21%,24%,26%,and 40%improvement in water use efficiencv 0ver the traditional methods,respectively.The economic benefits are increased by 692.40yuan/hm2,767.10vuan/hm2,815.10yuan/hm2,791.25yuan/hm2,and 346.05yuan/hm2 by the five models,respectively.It is concluded that the extension of the low cost of agronomic water-saving measures is also an important way to improve water use efficiency in high yielding area of Hebei Plain.