Abstract: Changjiang-Yellow Rivers Source Region is an important strategic place of eco-environment protection in China．Sheep and yak fattening in shed for shortening the duration of livestock on hand can mitigate the grazing stress，protect the natural grass1and，improve the herdsman capability of safeguarding livestock and living through the cold winter and in．crease their net income．The economic and ecological benefits of yak and sheep fattening in shed in Changjiang-Yellow Rivers So urce Region are calculated and the results show that the net incomes of yak and sheep fattening in RMB are 256.5 yuan／yak and 34.25 yuan／sheep，and the economic values of ecological benefits in RMB are 15953.31 yuan／yak and 5301.85 yuan／sheep per year respectively．