控释氮肥对棉花的增产效应研究

Effects of controlled release of N fertilizer on cotton yield

摘要: 大田条件下，以普通尿素为对照，研究了控释N肥对棉花光合特性和产量的影响及其肥效特点。结果表明：施等量N（150kg/hm²）控释N肥处理和对照相比，在棉花开花结铃期可有效增加叶面积，提高棉叶PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Φ_PSⅡ）和PSⅡ潜在光化学活性（Fv/Fo），改善叶肉细胞的光合能力，提高叶片光合效率，从而提高群体光合效率，增加单株结铃数和铃重，子棉产量显著增加10.3%，肥效提高10.2%。而施N量比对照减少20%的处理，子棉产量与对照平产，但其肥效比对照提高29.0%，且一次性基施免追肥，省工省时。

Abstract: The effect of controlled release of nitrogenous fertilizer on photosynthesis and yield of cotton was studied under field conditions.The results show that controlled release N treatment at 150kg/hm² increases LAI,Fv/Fm,ΦPSⅡ and Fv/Fo in cotton leaves at peak flowering and bolling stages,which subsequently enhances the CAP and boll number per plant,and boll weight.The yield of unginned cotton and fertilizer use efficiency increase by 10.3% and 10.2%,respectively,compared with that of CK.Controlled release N treatment with less than 120kg/hm² of N gives almost the same yield as CK,but increases fertilizer use efficiency by 29.0%,and saves labor and time when used only as base fertilizer.