Abstract: With ever-increasing pace of urbanization in China, the amount of untreated wastewater in small townships is rapidly increasing, posing severe threat to the water environment. A holistic technological approach where in mainstream anaerobic processes and follow-up aerobic treatments features low investment and loading expense, positive effect and simple management and is therefore suitable for wide applications in small townships. This paper presents the state of current wastewater treatments and focuses on hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor(HABR）processes and related pilot projects.