Abstract: An experiment on winter wheat and summer maize with different fertilizer treatments was conducted to study the effect of Effective Microorganism(EM)compost on soil organisms.The results show that EM compost increases soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycete counts.Total number of microbe of EM compost is highest among all the treatments with the same organic matter application.Meanwhile,EM compost enhances microbial activity and density.In EM compost plots,soil earthworm counts are significantly higher than in all other plots.Equally,the average soil mite counts in EM compost plots are higher than those in all other plots,but the count difference gets insignificant with the same levels of organic matter input.In most of the growth periods,an obvious difference of soil organism amount exists between EM compost treatment(15t/hm²) and chemical fertilizer treatment or CK treatment.EM compost improves soil productivity.