Effects of different fertilization schemes on growth, accumulation andtransportation of nutrient elements and yield of wheat in lime-concretedblack soil region

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different fertilization schemes on the number of secondary roots and tillers, leaf area index, dry matter, NPK accumulation and transportation and yield of wheat in lime-concreted black soil region. The fertilization schemes included non-fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CG), recommended fertilization (TJ), lose-control fertilizer application (KS) and slow-released fertilizer application (HS). The results showed that the number of secondary roots, tillers and leaf area index reached favorable levels at heading stage under HS treatment. The number of secondary roots under HS treatment was significantly higher than those under TJ, CG, KS and CK treatments by 7.2%, 19.7%, 22.1% and 24.7%, respectively. Compared with CK, CG, TJ and KS treatments, HS treatment increased tiller number by 25.0%, 11.1%, 11.1% and 20.0%; leaf area index by 39.1%, 23.1%, 10.3% and 8.5%, respectively. HS treatment promoted accumulation and transportation of NPK and dry matter at middle and later wheat growth stages. It also increased N, P(P₂O₅) and K(K₂O) utilization efficiencies. N, P(P₂O₅) utilization efficiencies were 43.35%, 19.92%, significantly higher than those under CG by 13.66%, 8.15%. K(K₂O) utilization efficiency was 37.63%, significantly higher than those under CG and TJ by 12.01% and 9.47%, respectively. Wheat yield under HS treatment was 6 424 kg·hm^?2, which represented an increase of 71.8%, 6.4%, 4.5% and 5.3%, respectively, over that under CK, CG, TJ and KS treatments.