Ecoagricultural landscape for biodiversity conservation andecological service maintenance

Loss of biodiversity and associated ecological services in agricultural landscape caused by intensive agricultural production have greatly threatened the sustainable agricultural development. Landscape management, together with less intensive practices such as organic agricultural production, should be carefully considered when developing strategies for biodiversity and ecological service restorations as landscape structures have potential strong effects on ecosystem services such as the biodiversity maintenance, natural pest control, pollination, etc. Ecoagricultural landscapes, which was characterized by optimized landscape configuration and management at different scale, could be designed and managed to improve the ecological services and agricultural sustainability. Potential measures of ecoagricultural landscapes were put forward as follows: 1) configurating crop and non-crop area properly at regional and landscape level to ensure ecological security and stability; 2) designing and constructing ecological infrastructure (such as beetle-bank and wildflowers belts) for essential ecological services at the between-field scale; 3) applying diversified planting and optimized farming practices at the field scale to reconcile agricultural production and nature conservation, and 4) integrating landscape planning with eco-cycle engineering to ensure efficient utilization of agricultural resources.